scholarly journals Detection of the complement fragment C5a in inflammatory exudates from the rabbit peritoneal cavity using radioimmunoassay.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Jose ◽  
M J Forrest ◽  
T J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes ◽  
The Many

We describe a radioimmunoassay for rabbit C5a and its use to obtain evidence of extravascular C5a generation in two inflammatory reactions in the peritoneal cavity. These observations, together with the potent activity of C5a in inducing increased microvascular permeability involving circulating PMN leukocytes, strengthen the case for considering C5a an important inflammatory mediator. These findings offer an explanation for the many different experimental inflammatory reactions where oedema formation can be suppressed either by systemic depletion of complement or by depletion of circulating PMN leukocytes.

Leukotriene B4 induces lung injury in the rabbit: role of neutrophils and effect of indomethacin

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2174-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
S. Nakagawa ◽  
S. Koyama ◽  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Homma
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Pmn Leukocytes

The effects of exogenous leukotriene B4 (LTB4) on the pulmonary microvascular permeability and the roles of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and the cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid in the microvascular response to LTB4 in the isolated non-blood-perfused rabbit lungs were studied. Microvascular permeability and lung edema were evaluated by use of the fluid filtration coefficient (Kf) and the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), respectively. Pulmonary capillary pressure was estimated by the double occlusion technique. We studied five groups of lungs: lungs were given 1) both PMN leukocytes and a bolus injection of LTB4 (5 micrograms, n = 6), 2) LTB4 alone (n = 5), 3) PMN leukocytes alone (n = 5), 4) control vehicles (n = 5), or 5) indomethacin (40 micrograms/ml) before PMN leukocytes and LTB4 (n = 6). We observed that LTB4 increased Kf and W/D ratio in the presence of PMN leukocytes in the perfusate without affecting the pulmonary arterial and capillary pressures. Neither LTB4 alone nor PMN leukocytes alone produced changes in Kf and W/D ratio. Indomethacin failed to inhibit the LTB4-induced increases in Kf and W/D ratio. These results suggest that LTB4 produces lung injury that is dependent on PMN leukocytes but not on the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Evidence for the absence of visceral pain in C57BL6/N mice subjected to therapeutically relevant O3/O2-pneumoperitoneum

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Michael Bette ◽  
Volker Springmann ◽  
Annette Rossmann ◽  
Eberhard Weihe ◽  
Burkhard Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Ozonized Oxygen ◽  
Abdominal Constriction ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Each different gas that is used to induce a pneumoperitoneum (PP) exhibits individual effects within the peritoneal cavity. This might include adverse effects such as pain and/or inflammatory reactions. The acute effects of ozonized oxygen (O3/O2), a highly oxidative gas mixture, after being insufflated into the peritoneal cavity are analysed in this study. Using the abdominal constriction response (‘writhing’) assay of chemical nociception in C57BL6/N mice, O3/O2-PP was found not to be associated with visible pain responses and did not alter the c-fos expression in the spinal cord. In addition, mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were found unaltered in the spleen 2 h after insufflation. In conclusion, O3/O2-PP is free of adverse pain and does not trigger inflammatory immune responses.

scholarly journals Secretory Phospholipase A2 Tipe II (SPLA II) In Cardiovascular Disease

2015 ◽  
pp. 162-70
Author(s):  
Djanggan Sargowo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase

Inflammatory reactions contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis and ischemic damage in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among the mediators involved in inflammation are secretory phospholipase A2 group II (sPLA2-II) enzymes. Though some cells constitutively express Spla2-II, the synthesis by cells such as hepatocytes is typical for an acute-phase reactant. Recent literature suggest multiple roles for sPLA2-II in cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the role of sPLA2-II in included that sPLA2-II appears to be an inportant inflammatory mediator of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Inflammatory properties of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in rabbit skin in vivo.

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 2227-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rampart ◽  
W De Smet ◽  
W Fiers ◽  
A G Herman
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Necrosis Factor

We have investigated the ability of recombinant TNF (mouse and human) to produce acute inflammatory lesions in an established experimental model of inflammation. Upon intradermal injection in rabbit skin, TNF, in amounts as low as 3 x 10(-14) mol/site, was found to be very potent at inducing local neutrophil accumulation and neutrophil-dependent oedema formation, thereby fulfilling two important criteria to be considered as an inflammatory mediator. Our findings further indicate that the pro-inflammatory properties of TNF are probably more related to its immediate stimulatory effects on neutrophils rather than to its slow (protein biosynthesis-dependent effects on endothelial cells. Our data thus show that very low amounts of mouse and human recombinant TNF can initiate an acute inflammatory reaction in vivo in rabbit skin and that TNF is able to evoke two of the four cardinal signs of inflammation.

scholarly journals Role of CD18 in the accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils and local oedema formation in inflammatory reactions in guinea-pig skin

1994 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Teixeira ◽  
S. Reynia ◽  
M. Robinson ◽  
A. Shock ◽  
T.J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Pig Skin

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Major Sites of Distal Catheter Migration in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting Maneuvers: A Review Article

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Ismatullah Soufiany ◽  
Khalil Ahmad Hijrat ◽  
Spina Soufiany ◽  
Lukui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Iatrogenic Perforation ◽  
Catheter Migration ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
The Many

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a medical device used to deflect cerebrospinal fluid from cerebral ventricles to the peritoneal cavity. Since 1908, ventriculoperitoneal shunts have been considered the best option in hydrocephalus management. Manifestation related to VPS may arise anywhere whilst tunneling the VPS from the ventricle to the peritoneal cavity, but complications associated with the distal catheter are especially common and a leading cause of revision surgeries. Among the many complications associated with peritoneal shunts, migration of the catheter into other parts of the body is still common. Scrotal migration mainly takes place in children aged 4 days to 5 years. Patent processus vaginalis, formation of an inguinal hernia, and increased intraabdominal pressure are leading risk factors associated with migration of the peritoneal catheter into the scrotum. Thoracic migration of peritoneal catheters predominantly occurs in adult patients. Important mechanisms in thoracic migration include (1) iatrogenic perforation of the external or internal jugular veins by the surgeon during tunneling and (2) gradual destruction of the venous structures by the catheter due to routine extension and flexion of the neck. After entering the vessel, negative intrathoracic pressure combined with positive intraabdominal pressure aids migration into the thoracic cavity. Sharp tips or shunt types contribute to intraabdominal migration and perforation.

Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
The Many

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

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