scholarly journals CD1d-restricted Human Natural Killer T Cells Are Highly Susceptible to Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Motsinger ◽  
David W. Haas ◽  
Aleksandar K. Stanic ◽  
Luc Van Kaer ◽  
Sebastian Joyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nk T Cells ◽  
Killer T Cells ◽  
Hiv 1

Human natural killer (NK) T cells are unique T lymphocytes that express an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) Vα24-Vβ11 and have been implicated to play a role in various diseases. A subset of NKT cells express CD4 and hence are potential targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. We demonstrate that both resting and activated human Vα24+ T cells express high levels of the HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and Bonzo (CXCR6), but low levels of CCR7, as compared with conventional T cells. Remarkably NKT cells activated with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-pulsed dendritic cells were profoundly more susceptible to infection with R5-tropic, but not X4-tropic, strains of HIV-1, compared with conventional CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, resting CD4+ NKT cells were also more susceptible to infection. After initial infection, HIV-1 rapidly replicated and depleted the CD4+ subset of NKT cells. In addition, peripheral blood NKT cells were markedly and selectively depleted in HIV-1 infected individuals. Although the mechanisms of this decline are not clear, low numbers or absence of NKT cells may affect the course of HIV-1 infection. Taken together, our findings indicate that CD4+ NKT cells are directly targeted by HIV-1 and may have a potential role during viral transmission and spread in vivo.

scholarly journals Selective Loss of Innate CD4+ Vα24 Natural Killer T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7528-7534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan K. Sandberg ◽  
Noam M. Fast ◽  
Emil H. Palacios ◽  
Glenn Fennelly ◽  
Joanna Dobroszycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Selective Loss ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. However, the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on these cells is unknown. Here, we report that the Vα24 NKT cells can be subdivided into CD4+ or CD4− subsets that differ in their expression of the homing receptors CD62L and CD11a. Furthermore, both CD4+ and CD4− NKT cells frequently express both CXCR4 and CCR5 HIV coreceptors. We find that the numbers of NKT cells are reduced in HIV-infected subjects with uncontrolled viremia and marked CD4+ T-cell depletion. The number of CD4+ NKT cells is inversely correlated with HIV load, indicating depletion of this subset. In contrast, CD4− NKT-cell numbers are unaffected in subjects with high viral loads. HIV infection experiments in vitro show preferential depletion of CD4+ NKT cells relative to regular CD4+ T cells, in particular with virus that uses the CCR5 coreceptor. Thus, HIV infection causes a selective loss of CD4+ lymph node homing (CD62L+) NKT cells, with consequent skewing of the NKT-cell compartment to a predominantly CD4− CD62L− phenotype. These data indicate that the key immunoregulatory NKT-cell compartment is compromised in HIV-1-infected patients.

scholarly journals Identification and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of CD1d-Restricted Macaque Natural Killer T Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 8153-8158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Motsinger ◽  
Agnes Azimzadeh ◽  
Aleksandar K. Stanic ◽  
R. Paul Johnson ◽  
Luc Van Kaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Natural Killer T

ABSTRACT Natural killer T (NKT) cells express a highly conserved T-cell receptor (TCR) and recognize glycolipids in the context of CD1d molecules. We recently demonstrated that CD4+ NKT cells are highly susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and are selectively depleted in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we identified macaque NKT cells using CD1d tetramers and human Vα24 antibodies. Similar to human NKT cells, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-pulsed dendritic cells activate and expand macaque NKT cells. Upon restimulation with α-GalCer-pulsed CD1d+ cells, macaque NKT cells secreted high levels of cytokines, a characteristic of these T cells. Remarkably, the majority of resting and activated macaque NKT cells expressed CD8, and a smaller portion expressed CD4. Macaque NKT cells also expressed the HIV-1/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) coreceptor CCR5, and the CD4+ subset was susceptible to SIV infection. Identification of macaque NKT cells has major implications for delineating the role of these cells in nonhuman primate disease models of HIV as well as other pathological conditions, such as allograft rejection and autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Disseminated human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in SCID-hu mice after peripheral inoculation with HIV-1.

1994 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Kollmann ◽  
M Pettoello-Mantovani ◽  
X Zhuang ◽  
A Kim ◽  
M Hachamovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

A small animal model that could be infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) after peripheral inoculation would greatly facilitate the study of the pathophysiology of acute HIV-1 infection. The utility of SCID mice implanted with human fetal thymus and liver (SCID-hu mice) for studying peripheral HIV-1 infection in vivo has been hampered by the requirement for direct intraimplant injection of HIV-1 and the continued restriction of the resultant HIV-1 infection to the human thymus and liver (hu-thy/liv) implant. This may have been due to the very low numbers of human T cells present in the SCID-hu mouse peripheral lymphoid compartment. Since the degree of the peripheral reconstitution of SCID-hu mice with human T cells may be a function of the hu-thy/liv implant size, we increased the quantity of hu-thy/liv tissue implanted under the renal capsule and implanted hu-thy/liv tissue under the capsules of both kidneys. This resulted in SCID-hu mice in which significant numbers of human T cells were detected in the peripheral blood, spleens, and lymph nodes. After intraimplant injection of HIV-1 into these modified SCID-hu mice, significant HIV-1 infection was detected by quantitative coculture not only in the hu-thy/liv implant, but also in the spleen and peripheral blood. This indicated that HIV-1 infection can spread from the thymus to the peripheral lymphoid compartment. More importantly, a similar degree of infection of the hu-thy/liv implant and peripheral lymphoid compartment occurred after peripheral intraperitoneal inoculation with HIV-1. Active viral replication was indicated by the detection of HIV-1 gag DNA, HIV-1 gag RNA, and spliced tat/rev RNA in the hu-thy/liv implants, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), spleens, and lymph nodes of these HIV-1-infected SCID-hu mice. As a first step in using our modified SCID-hu mouse model to investigate the pathophysiological consequences of HIV-1 infection, the effect of HIV-1 infection on the expression of human cytokines shown to enhance HIV-1 replication was examined. Significantly more of the HIV-1-infected SCID-hu mice expressed mRNA for human tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta, and interleukin 2 in their spleens, lymph nodes, and PBMC than did uninfected SCID-hu mice. This suggested that HIV-1 infection in vivo can stimulate the expression of cytokine mRNA by human T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Resting CD4+ T Cells from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Individuals Carry Integrated HIV-1 Genomes within Actively Transcribed Host Genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 6122-6133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefei Han ◽  
Kara Lassen ◽  
Daphne Monie ◽  
Ahmad R. Sedaghat ◽  
Shino Shimoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Host Genes

ABSTRACT Resting CD4+ T-cell populations from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals include cells with integrated HIV-1 DNA. In individuals showing suppression of viremia during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), resting CD4+ T-cell populations do not produce virus without cellular activation. To determine whether the nonproductive nature of the infection in resting CD4+ T cells is due to retroviral integration into chromosomal regions that are repressive for transcription, we used inverse PCR to characterize the HIV-1 integration sites in vivo in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on HAART. Of 74 integration sites from 16 patients, 93% resided within transcription units, usually within introns. Integration was random with respect to transcriptional orientation relative to the host gene and with respect to position within the host gene. Of integration sites within well-characterized genes, 91% (51 of 56) were in genes that were actively expressed in resting CD4+ T cells, as directly demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). These results predict that HIV-1 sequences may be included in the primary transcripts of host genes as part of rapidly degraded introns. RT-PCR experiments confirmed the presence of HIV-1 sequences within transcripts initiating upstream of the HIV-1 transcription start site. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HIV-1 genomes reside within actively transcribed host genes in resting CD4+ T cells in vivo.

scholarly journals Displacement of SATB1-Bound Histone Deacetylase 1 Corepressor by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transactivator Induces Expression of Interleukin-2 and Its Receptor in T Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan Kumar ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Purbey ◽  
Dyavar S. Ravi ◽  
Debashis Mitra ◽  
Sanjeev Galande
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT One hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the dysregulation of cytokine gene expression in T cells. Transfection of T cells with human T-cell leukemia type 1 or 2 transactivator results in the induction of the T-cell-restricted cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2Rα). However, no T-cell-specific factor(s) has been directly linked with the regulation of IL-2 and IL-2Rα transcription by influencing the promoter activity. Thymocytes from SATB1 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1) knockout mice have been shown to ectopically express IL-2Rα, suggesting involvement of SATB1 in its negative regulation. Here we show that SATB1, a T-cell-specific global gene regulator, binds to the promoters of human IL-2 and IL-2Rα and recruits histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in vivo. SATB1 also interacts with Tat in HIV-1-infected T cells. The functional interaction between HIV-1 Tat and SATB1 requires its PDZ-like domain, and the binding of the HDAC1 corepressor occurs through the same. Furthermore, Tat competitively displaces HDAC1 that is bound to SATB1, leading to increased acetylation of the promoters in vivo. Transduction with SATB1 interaction-deficient soluble Tat (Tat 40-72) and reporter assays using a transactivation-negative mutant (C22G) of Tat unequivocally demonstrated that the displacement of HDAC1 itself is sufficient for derepression of these promoters in vivo. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 Tat might overcome SATB1-mediated repression in T cells.

scholarly journals CD8+ T Cells but Not Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Are Required To Limit Chronic Oral Carriage of Candida albicans in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Marquis ◽  
Daniel Lewandowski ◽  
Véronique Dugas ◽  
Francine Aumont ◽  
Serge Sénéchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Carriage ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Candida albicans causes oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) but rarely disseminates to deep organs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we used a model of OPC in CD4C/HIVMut transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and CD8+ T cells in limiting candidiasis to the mucosa. Numbers of circulating PMNs and their oxidative burst were both augmented in CD4C/HIVMutA Tg mice expressing rev, env, and nef of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), while phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans were largely unimpaired compared to those in non-Tg mice. Depletion of PMNs in these Tg mice did not alter oral or gastrointestinal burdens of C. albicans or cause systemic dissemination. However, oral burdens of C. albicans were increased in CD4C/HIVMutG Tg mice expressing only the nef gene of HIV-1 and bred on a CD8 gene-deficient background (CD8−/−), compared to control or heterozygous CD8+/− CD4C/HIVMutG Tg mice. Thus, CD8+ T cells contribute to the host defense against oral candidiasis in vivo, specifically in the context of nef expression in a subset of immune cells.

scholarly journals CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells are potent targets for human immunodeficiency virus infection

Immunology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richardson Fleuridor ◽  
Brian Wilson ◽  
Runhua Hou ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
Harold Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Natural Killer T Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Killer T Cells ◽  
Natural Killer T
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