scholarly journals THE FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE APPEARANCE OF NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil K. Drinker ◽  
Katherine R. Drinker ◽  
Henry A. Kreutzmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Accurate Expression ◽  
Vasomotor Nerves ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

1. Increase in circulatory rate caused by hard exercise has no power to dislocate nucleated red cells from the bone marrow either in normal, in anemic, in hyperplastic, or in anemic and hyperplastic animals. 2. In anemic and hyperplastic animals pseudocrises of nucleated red cells can be produced at certain periods by hard exercise, but careful analysis leads inevitably to the conclusion that the increase in these cells is merely a more accurate expression of circulatory content at the time of the procedure. 3. Section of the vasomotor nerves to the four limbs with consequent dilatation of the marrow vessels and increased blood flow through the tissue does not result in the freeing of nucleated red cells from the bone marrow.

scholarly journals Determinants of Erythrocyte Size in Chronic Liver Disease

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS M. KILBRIDGE ◽  
PAUL HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Volumes

Abstract Serial determinations of red cell volumes were made with an electronic sizing device in 30 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Variations in red cell volumes were correlated with other hematologic and clinical findings. The results of these studies suggest that volume macrocytosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is either due to megaloblastosis of the bone marrow or to an accelerated influx of young red cells into the peripheral blood.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Dyserythropoietic Jaundice

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIEGFRIED BERENDSOHN ◽  
JAMES LOWMAN ◽  
DOROTHY SUNDBERG ◽  
C. J. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Iron ◽  
Normal Erythrocyte

Abstract 1. The term "dyserythropoietic jaundice" is used to designate a peculiar abnormality characterized by marked overproduction of bilirubin and associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and great excesses of fecal urobilinogen. Labeling with N15 glycine revealed that these excesses were mainly unrelated to destruction of mature circulating red cells, which had only a slightly shortened life span. 2. The hyperplastic, normoblastic bone marrow exhibited considerable phagocytosis of red cells and normoblasts and marked hemosiderosis with many iron-laden phagocytes. Siderocytes were relatively rare in the peripheral blood, which also exhibited consistent reticulocytosis, 3-10 per cent, but normal erythrocyte porphyrin concentrations. There was increased plasma iron turnover but decreased appearance of Fe59 in the circulating red cells. 3. The possibility is considered that there is a basic abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis in the normoblasts, with excessive production of hemoglobin or heme which is then converted to bilirubin either within the normoblast or after excretion into the blood. The observed phagocytosis of normoblasts and erythrocytes may be a secondary rather than basic disturbance of the disease. 4. This case appears to represent a unique form of chronic jaundice due to a remarkable overproduction of bilirubin without evidence of hemolysis in the ordinary sense. The extent to which this is related to intramedullary destruction of young red cells or to a basic abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis in the normoblasts, as above, cannot be determined. It is considered less likely that the overproduction is due to a true shunt—that is, bilirubin formation from porphyrin precursors. The marked dyserythropoiesis suggests that the overproduction of bilirubin was medullary rather than hepatic, although the latter is not excluded.

scholarly journals Blood flow to bone marrow during development of anemia or polycythemia in the rat

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
PO Iversen ◽  
G Nicolaysen ◽  
HB Benestad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
A Value ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Abstract We applied the radioactive microsphere method to follow the magnitude and time course (0 to 96 hours) of blood flow changes during development and recovery from anemia in awake rats. Blood flow was also monitored during a 96-hour period after polycythemia was induced (erythropoietin administered subcutaneously [SC]). The possible influence of innervation was also examined. After a blood loss of approximately 50% (hypovolemia), blood flow to the femoral marrow tripled within 12 hours and remained elevated for the entire 96-hour period. The relative increase in blood flow to the femoral bone was even greater. Similar findings were obtained in rats with phenylhydrazine (PHZ) hemolytic anemia (normovolemia). Denervation had no detectable effect on the increased blood flow to either marrow or bone. The augmented blood flow during hemolytic anemia was accompanied by a doubling of the oxygen consumption rate by the marrow, while the glucose uptake was not detectably altered. Erythropoietin supplements (3 x 1,000 IU/kg, SC, 6-hour intervals) increased blood flow to the marrow by approximately 25% after 48 hours, and at 72 hours the blood flow had reached a value twice that obtained under control conditions. These results indicate that blood flow to bone marrow is highly variable and hormonally and/or locally regulated. This may have practical consequences for marrow transplantation technology and for administration of drug therapy to patients with insufficient bone marrow hematopoiesis.

Increased galactose clearance after liver transplantation: A measure of increased blood flow through the denervated liver?

Hepatology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Henderson ◽  
William J. Millikan ◽  
Michael Hooks ◽  
Beverly Noe ◽  
Michael H. Kutner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Comparison of Effects of Vitamin E and Wen-jing-tang (Unkei-to), An Herbal Medicine, on Peripheral Blood Flow in Post-menopausal Women with Chilly Sensation in the Lower Extremities: A Randomized Prospective Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Ushiroyama ◽  
Kou Sakuma ◽  
Sakura Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Flow Through

We examined the association between blood flow and chilly sensation in the lower extremities, comparing the changes in blood flow induced by the vitamin E and herbal therapy (Wen-jing-tang) in perimenopausal women with chilly sensation. One hundred sixty-one perimenopausal women aged 42–61 years (mean: 50.4 ± 3.8 years) with chilly sensation in the lower extremities participated in the study. The participants were randomized for treatment with Wen-jing-tang or a vitamin E preparation containing 600 mg tocopherol nictinate per day for 8 weeks. Blood flow measurement was performed by laser Doppler fluxmetry to determine tissue under the jaw, in the middle finger, and in the third toe. Wen-jing-tang significantly increased the peripheral blood flow in the skin surface in the tiptoe (12.8 ± 8.8, p = 0.0068) from basal levels (6.0 ± 5.1), although no significant change was observed in the blood flow in fingertip or under the jaw during treatment. The rate of increase of blood flow in the skin surface of in the lower extremities was significantly higher in the Wen-jing-tang treating group (116.4 ± 46.5%) than in the vitamin E group (39.8 ± 21.3%)( p < 0.0001). When the effects of herbal treatment and vitamin E treatment were compared in the subjects with baseline upper extremity blood flow above the mean + 1.5 SD, mean blood flow through the upper extremities was found to have been significantly decreased after Wen-jing-tang treatment (from 57.7 ± 4.8 to 43.1 ± 4.2, p = 0.0277), whereas it remained unchanged after treatment with vitamin E. Classical monographs described Wen-jing-tang as being particularly useful in curing chilly sensation in lower extremities. The present study using a laser Doppler fluxmeter demonstrated that treatment with this herbal medicine significantly increased blood flow through the periphery of lower extremities in patients with chilly sensation. It also showed that this herbal medicine suppresses excessive blood flow through the upper half of the body and thus stimulates restoration of physiological distribution of blood flow throughout the entire body.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM AND LYMPH FERMENTS AFTER FEEDING

1917 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-698
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Davis ◽  
William F. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

In these experiments in which the lymph and serum ferments and antiferment have been studied separately, the changes that are found to occur are uniform and consistent. Possibly as a result of increased blood flow through the ferment-producing organs a moderate amount of protease is directly absorbed into the blood stream, but when intestinal digestion is actively under way this rapidly diminishes in extent. If any protease is absorbed during digestion from the gastrointestinal tract it is probably removed when it reaches the liver. The ereptase, or peptidase, is evidently absorbed directly from the intestinal tract and enters the circulation through the lymphatic channels. The influence of the diet on the antiferment of the lymph is striking and accounts for the fluctuations observed in previous experiments. Following the milk meal the increase occurs gradually in the lymph in an amount that, when diluted in the blood stream, would be only nominal. When the fats of the milk were replaced by olive oil in large amounts it is surprising to find a decrease in the antiferment instead of an increase in titer, as might be expected in view of the nature of the antiferment. This result, however, is probably due to the fact that the antiferment lipoids of the serum and lymph may exist in both water and fat dispersion phases, but are active as antiferments only when in the former. If the amount of the fats of the serum is increased, as it is after the olive oil feeding, more of the antiferment will enter the fat phase and will as a result be rendered inactive. When the feeding included the sodium oleate, the anti-ferment was in consequence increased in both the serum and the lymph, some of the soap being apparently absorbed directly into the blood stream. It is possible that the titer of the antiferment may be altered, therefore, by means of selective feeding.

scholarly journals Bone marrow sinus cell packing: a determinant of cell release

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
JK Chamberlain ◽  
L Weiss ◽  
RI Weed
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Cell Release ◽  
Premature Release

Ultrastructural studies of erythropoietin effects on the bone marrow of control and hypertransfused (65 hct) mice revealed a decrease in adventitial cell cover of the sinus apertures in erythropoietin-treated animals. A more striking finding, however, was the marked inhibition of erythropoietin-induced reticulocytosis by hypertransfusion itself. Hypertransfusion of the erythropoietin-treated animals appeared to decrease the reticulocyte response by inhibiting reticulocyte response by marrow cords in addition to inhibiting erythroid proliferation. This inhibition of reticulocyte response was associated with clustering of reticulocytes around the marrow sinuses which were packed with red cells. Acute lowering of the hematocrit of erythropoietin-treated, hypertransfused animals to normal at the time of maximal reticulocyte response in control animals resulted in more than a twofold increase in reticulocytosis with 2 hr. It is suggested that (1) elevated levels of erythropoietin are associated with a diminution of the normal marrow- peripheral blood barrier, thereby contributing to the premature release of marrow elements and (2) the hematocrit is an important determinant of cell release from the marrow into the peripheral circulation.

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow in the Staging of B-Cell Malignant Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 3889-3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Hanson ◽  
Paul J. Kurtin ◽  
Jerry A. Katzmann ◽  
James D. Hoyer ◽  
Chin-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽  
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping ◽  
Flow Cytometric

Abstract This study evaluated the contributing roles of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood and bone marrow and immunohistochemical paraffin section staining of bone marrow biopsies in the staging of B-cell malignant lymphoma. Flow immunophenotyping was performed on a marrow specimen in 175 cases; a corresponding blood specimen was also immunophenotyped in 135 of these cases. Morphologic marrow involvement by lymphoma was found in 59 cases; flow immunophenotyping identified 54 cases with a monoclonal B-cell process: morphology-positive/flow-positive (n = 49), morphology-positive/flow-negative (n = 10), morphology-negative/flow-positive (n = 5), and morphology-negative/flow-negative (n = 111). The 10 morphology-positive/flow-negative cases included 5 follicular and 5 large-cell lymphomas with minimal marrow involvement. All 5 morphology-negative/flow-positive cases were from patients with large-cell lymphomas and bulky clinical disease. Because the blood contained the same B-cell clone in 2 of 2 morphology-negative/flow-positive cases studied, blood contamination of marrow may account for these findings. Blood flow cytometric immunophenotyping studies were positive in 32 cases; 30 had marrow involvement by morphology and were from patients with follicular, mantle cell, lymphoplasmacytic, small lymphocytic, or marginal zone lymphomas. From our results, we conclude that (1) bone marrow flow cytometric immunophenotyping is not a cost-effective replacement for good morphologic evaluation in lymphoma staging and that (2) a positive peripheral blood flow cytometric immunophenotyping study when performed in low-grade lymphomas correlates with marrow involvement.

scholarly journals Studies of the Hemopoietic Microenvironment. I. Changes in the Microvascular System and Stroma During Erythropoietic Regeneration and Suppression in the Spleens of CF1 Mice

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. McCuskey ◽  
Howard A. Meineke ◽  
Samuel F. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Linear Velocity ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Hemopoietic Microenvironment ◽  
Murine Spleen ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Red Pulp

Abstract Specific alterations in the microvascular and connective tissue compartments of the hemopoietic microenvironment have been examined during erythropoietic regeneration and suppression in the murine spleen and bone marrow using in vivo microscopic and histochemical methods. The results have confirmed the concept of specific hemopoietic microenvironments and have demonstrated specific alterations in the microenvironment during erythropoietic stimulation and repression. Elevated erythropoiesis in the splenic red pulp is accompanied by an elevation in blood flow through the microvascular system. Both the linear velocity of flow and the number of sinusoids with blood flow in them increased significantly. In contrast, erythropoietic repression was accompanied by a decreased linear velocity of blood flow, as well as a marked increase in the amount of blood being stored in the splenic sinusoids. This also was the picture when diffuse granulopoiesis was present in the red pulp, or when granuloid or undifferentiated colonies were present. The chemical composition of the stroma in the spleen and bone marrow also varied during states of hemopoietic activity and, in addition, there were differences in the composition of the stroma between these two organs. In both organs, foci of early proliferating cells were enveloped by a coating of sulfated acid mucopolysaccharide. This coat persisted on cells in later stages of granulopoiesis but not on cells in the later stages of erythropoiesis. The latter were enveloped with a coating of neutral mucopolysaccharide. A tentative hypothesis to explain the mechanisms involved in producing these changes is discussed.

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow in the Staging of B-Cell Malignant Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 3889-3896
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Hanson ◽  
Paul J. Kurtin ◽  
Jerry A. Katzmann ◽  
James D. Hoyer ◽  
Chin-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽  
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping ◽  
Flow Cytometric

This study evaluated the contributing roles of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood and bone marrow and immunohistochemical paraffin section staining of bone marrow biopsies in the staging of B-cell malignant lymphoma. Flow immunophenotyping was performed on a marrow specimen in 175 cases; a corresponding blood specimen was also immunophenotyped in 135 of these cases. Morphologic marrow involvement by lymphoma was found in 59 cases; flow immunophenotyping identified 54 cases with a monoclonal B-cell process: morphology-positive/flow-positive (n = 49), morphology-positive/flow-negative (n = 10), morphology-negative/flow-positive (n = 5), and morphology-negative/flow-negative (n = 111). The 10 morphology-positive/flow-negative cases included 5 follicular and 5 large-cell lymphomas with minimal marrow involvement. All 5 morphology-negative/flow-positive cases were from patients with large-cell lymphomas and bulky clinical disease. Because the blood contained the same B-cell clone in 2 of 2 morphology-negative/flow-positive cases studied, blood contamination of marrow may account for these findings. Blood flow cytometric immunophenotyping studies were positive in 32 cases; 30 had marrow involvement by morphology and were from patients with follicular, mantle cell, lymphoplasmacytic, small lymphocytic, or marginal zone lymphomas. From our results, we conclude that (1) bone marrow flow cytometric immunophenotyping is not a cost-effective replacement for good morphologic evaluation in lymphoma staging and that (2) a positive peripheral blood flow cytometric immunophenotyping study when performed in low-grade lymphomas correlates with marrow involvement.

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