The profile of erythrocyte enlargement due to imported cases of Plasmodium vivax infection: its impact to the patient and the community

Background: Imported cases of malarial vivax also induce erythrocyte enlargement. The size of enlargement depend on the size of the parasite inside the cells. The aim of the study was to examine 20 slides of positive malaria vivax and seek for erythrocyte infected malaria and measure the size of enlarged cells and its shape. As a comparison, a number of normal erythrocyte also evaluated for its size and shape.Methods: This simple cross sectional design of microscope based study was conducted in Parasitology lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta-Indonesia, from January to June of 2019. All data collected and further processed using SPSS™.Results: A total number of 982 erythrocyte infected with P. vivax were examined individually. Those number consist of 243 immature trophozoite, 231 mature trophozoite, 251 micro-gametocyte, and 257 macrogametocyte. As a comparison also being examined 70 normal erythrocyte. Each erythrocyte infected with malaria vivax parasite enlarge to some extent, had irregular shape and the size varied based on the stage of the parasite inside the cells.Discussion: This enlarged erythrocyte is prone to cell sequestration and lysis, a condition that leads to anemia. Anemia affect not just the host but also the community. Proper management of malaria will reduce the burden to the community.Conclusions: Enlarged infected erythrocyte due to malaria vivax can cause anemia with effect to the host and also to the community.

Profil Kadar Hemoglobin dan Indeks Eritrosit pada Perokok Aktif di Kelurahan Tanjung Pinang Kota Palangka Raya

Active smokers are people who are smoking continuously. The population of active smokers in Central Kalimantan was 26,5% in 2013. Cigarettes contain many toxic and addictive chemicals. The presence of tar and free radicals from cigarette smoke can cause erythrocyte hemolysis. In addition, the content of cigarette smoke can also cause an increase in hemoglobin levels that mediated by exposure to Carbon monoxide (CO). CO binds avidly to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). This study aims to give a description of hemoglobin level and erythrocyte indices in active smokers in Kelurahan Tanjung Pinang, Palangka Raya. The descriptive observational method with the cross-sectional design was used in this study. The sample obtained by 28 people with purposive sampling technique with criteria such as active smokers, men, working as farmers, laborers or fish farmers and not alcoholic. Examination of hemoglobin level and erythrocytes indices was done by a hematology analyzer. The result showed that 4 people (14,2%) had low hemoglobin level and 4 people (85,7%) was normal. Based on erythrocytes indices, 2 people (7,1%) with hypochromic microcytic anemia (low MCV, low MCH, and normal MCHC) and also low hemoglobin level. While 26 people (92,8%) had normal erythrocyte indices.

An Unusual Myeloma Case with Normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Serum Immunoglobulins

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by the increase of plasma cells in bone marrow or in other tissues and increased production of abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig parts. In this report, we aimed to present a case of myeloma whom showed in our clinic with complaints of diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue and difficulty in walking. A 68- year-old male patient presented with diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. He had splenomegaly in physical examination. Laboratory test revealed erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 4 mm/h and corrected calcium: 11.1 mg/dl. In conclusion, despite it is rare, multiple myeloma case may present with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum immunoglobulin levels. Anemia, bone lesions and hypercalcemia in an elderly may prompt diagnostic effort for multiple myeloma.

Diagnosis and management of rare congenital nonimmune hemolytic disease

Rare, congenital nonimmune hemolytic disorders of the erythrocyte, although uncommon, are important causes of anemia in the child and adult. These are a heterogeneous group of diseases that disrupt normal erythrocyte structure and function in varying ways. Predominant are abnormalities of hemoglobin stability, defects of erythrocyte metabolism, and disorders of erythrocyte hydration. Unstable hemoglobinopathies may lead to chronic or episodic hemolysis. Perturbation of critical enzymes of the Embden–Meyerhof pathway lead to altered erythrocyte metabolism and chronic hemolysis. Disorders of erythrocyte hydration are an under-recognized cause of hemolytic anemia. Beyond pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease, clinical, laboratory, and genetic heterogeneity characterize this group of disorders. Often, they are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. This review discusses pathophysiology, inheritance, clinical findings, laboratory manifestations, and management considerations in several rare nonimmune hemolytic diseases including the unstable hemoglobins, disorders of erythrocyte metabolism, and abnormalities of erythrocyte hydration.

Mutations in the Gardos channel (KCNN4) are associated with hereditary xerocytosis

Key Points Mutations in the Gardos channel, encoded by the KCNN4 gene, were identified in individuals from 2 hereditary xerocytosis kindreds. These findings support recent data indicating the Gardos channel plays a role in normal erythrocyte volume homeostasis.

Gambaran Status Gizi Anak Talasemia β Mayor di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Abstrak Talasemia merupakan penyakit kronik yang membutuhkan transfusi setiap bulan, karena eritrosit lebih cepat lisis dibandingkan eritrosit normal. Komplikasi dan efek penyakit ini banyak, antara lain pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan status gizinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran status gizi anak talasemia β mayor Penelitian iniadalah penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2012 - Maret 2013 di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan sampel anak talasemia β mayor. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan adalah mengukur tinggi badan, berat badan, dan lingkar lengan. Hasil pemeriksaan dimasukkan dalam tabel persentil NCHS dan penilaian status gizi berdasarkanDepartemen Kesehatan Repubik Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini terdapat 15 anak talasemia β mayor, dengan rata-rata umur kelompok 5-10 tahun. Frekuensi terbanyak indeks tinggi badan per umur yaitu 70%-90% (60%.). Frekuensi terbanyak indeks berat badan per umur adalah 60%-80% (66.7%). Frekuensi terbanyak indeks lingkar lengang atas per umur adalah 70%-85% (80%). Simpulan dari hasil penelitian status gizi anak talasemia β mayor adalah gizi kurang.Kata kunci: Status gizi, talasemia β mayorAbstract Thalassemia is a chronic disease who needs blood tranfusion every month because the abnormal erythrocyte has short life time compared with the normal erythrocyte. There are so many complications and effects of this disease, such as growth and nutritional status. The aim of this research is to describe chlidren's nutritional status with thalassemia beta major. This research is a descriptive research. It has been done since February 2012 - March 2013 at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The sampling is children with thalassemia beta major. The examination are stature, weight, and upper arm circumference and the result is entered into NHCS percentil and assessment of Nutritional based on health department of Indonesia. From this research, there are 15 children who are suffering thalassemia betamajor, and most of them is about 5-10 years old. The highest insident of stature per age index is 70-90% (60%). The highest insident of weight per age index is 60%-80% (66,7%). The highest insident of upper arm circumference per age is 70%-85% (80%).The conclusion of this research that the nutritional status children with thalassemia beta major is low nutrional.Keywords: nutritional status, thalassemia beta major