scholarly journals TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE GENERAL PERITONITIS IN THE DOG WITH ILEOSTOMY AND SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Orr ◽  
Russell L. Haden
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Not Given ◽  
General Peritonitis ◽  
Cent Sodium

1. In experimentally produced general peritonitis drainage of the gut by ileostomy 6 inches above the cecum has no beneficial effect. 2. Animals with experimentally produced general peritonitis treated with ileostomy plus 1 per cent sodium chloride solution live three times as long as those not given the salt solution.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE STOMACH

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

A study is reported of the effect of different methods of treatment on the toxemia of cardiac obstruction. The average duration of life of untreated dogs is 3 days. Three dogs treated with 1 per cent salt solution subcutaneously lived 32, 36, and 45 days respectively without developing a toxemia. 2 per cent glucose similarly given, does not alter the course of the toxemia. Concentrated salt solution in small quantities given directly into the jejunum prevents the marked rise in non-protein nitrogen but does not materially prolong life. Release of the obstruction does not change the course of the toxemia in untreated animals. The subcutaneous injection of 1 per cent sodium chloride solution after release of the obstruction causes a rapid return of the blood to normal and allows the animal to recover. A similar amount of fluid given as 2 per cent glucose does not alter the course of the toxemia after release of the obstruction.

scholarly journals THE PULSE PRESSURE AS AN INDEX OF THE SYSTOLIC OUTPUT

1908 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy M. Dawson ◽  
Lemuel W. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Stimulation Of

On the basis of these facts we feel justified in making the following assertion: Under normal conditions and during various procedures (namely, stimulation of the vagus centrally and peripherally, of the saphenus nerve centrally, and of the annulus Vieussentis, intravenous transfusion of 0.7 per cent. sodium chloride solution, intra-arterial transfusion of strong carbonate, bleeding and asphyxia) the pulse pressure is a reliable index of the systolic output.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE JEJUNUM

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Cent Sodium

Chemical changes are reported occurring in the blood of animals with obstruction of the jejunum, in which distilled water or sodium chloride solutions were introduced directly into the lumen of the intestine below the point of obstruction. Distilled water given daily from the beginning of the obstruction, had no influence on the development or course of the toxemia. 1 and 2 per cent salt solutions prevented a toxemia in uncomplicated cases. One animal so treated lived 30 days. Distilled water, given after the onset of toxemia, did not alter the progress or outcome of the toxemia. 10 per cent sodium chloride solution, administered after the onset of toxemia, controlled it in most cases for a long period. Hydrochloric acid had no effect on the course of the toxemia.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF JEJUNOSTOMY IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE JEJUNUM OF THE DOG

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Jejunal Obstruction

1. Jejunostomy does not prevent the development of the chemical changes of the blood characteristic of obstruction of the jejunum in the dog. 2. Jejunostomy following experimental obstruction of the jejunum has no beneficial effect upon the duration of life. There is some evidence that life may be shortened by early jejunostomy. 3. Treatment of jejunal obstruction with sodium chloride solution tends to prolong the life of animals regardless of jejunostomy.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN EDEMA

1910 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyer S. Fleisher ◽  
Leo Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cent Sodium

1. Adrenalin injected intraperitoneally increases the rapidity of absorption of fluid from the peritoneal cavity, independently of whether the solution to be absorbed is hypotonic or hypertonic or is approximately isotonic with the blood serum. The intravenous injection of adrenalin also increases the absorption of fluid, but not so markedly as does the intraperitoneal injection. 2. Adrenalin injected either intraperitoneally or intravenously increases the quantity of sodium chloride absorbed. The relative absorption of sodium chloride—the movement from the peritoneal cavity of sodium chloride, as compared with the movement of water—is slightly increased when 0.85 per cent. of sodium chloride solution and adrenalin are injected intraperitoneally; but it is diminished when adrenalin is injected intravenously, or when 1.5 per cent. sodium chloride solution and adrenalin are injected. When distilled water has been injected intraperitoneally, adrenalin decreases the relative amount of sodium chloride in the peritoneal fluid—a fact that is evidently related to the increased elimination of sodium chloride through the kidneys under the influence of adrenalin. 3. When 0.85 per cent. sodium chloride solution is injected into the peritoneal cavity, the blood becomes diluted after two hours and a half. When adrenalin is also injected, the dilution of the blood is less marked, in spite of the increased absorption under the influence of adrenalin. When distilled water is injected into the peritoneal cavity, the blood is diluted equally in control and adrenalin experiments. When 1.5 per cent. sodium chloride solution is injected, the dilution of the blood is very slight, and in adrenalin experiments it is the same as in control experiments or very slightly greater than in control experiments. 4. The increase of absorption from the peritoneal cavity caused by the injection of adrenalin is not due to the increased diuresis caused by the injection of this substance. 5. The injection of adrenalin causes a temporary increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood, which gradually returns to normal. Under certain conditions, after the injection of adrenalin, there is a tendency toward maintaining the higher osmotic pressure of the blood serum, even up to the end of the experiment. We have reason to believe that this increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood is the main factor in increasing the absorption of fluid from the peritoneal cavity. 6. In experiments in which 0.85 per cent. sodium chloride solution has been injected intraperitoneally, either with or without adrenalin, there exists a tendency of the peritoneal fluid to attain a greater osmotic pressure than the blood serum, in spite of the fact that the injected fluid is slightly hypotonic as compared with the blood serum. We note a similar condition in cases of general edema in man, in which the osmotic pressure of the ascitic fluid is greater than that of the other edematous fluids, or even that of the blood serum. There exists, therefore, a mechanism that causes the passage of osmotically active substances from the blood or from the tissues into the peritoneal cavity, and that causes the osmotic pressure of the peritoneal fluid to become higher than that of the blood. It follows from our experiments that this mechanism, which causes the ascites in edematous persons to have such a high osmotic pressure, is not dependent upon certain pathological changes in the lining membranes or upon other pathological conditions, but exists already in normal animals. 7. The addition of 1.22 per cent. calcium chloride solution to 0.83 per cent. sodium chloride solution, in such proportions as we used in our infusion experiments, in which we determined the transudation into the peritoneal cavity, delays the absorption of fluid from the peritoneal cavity but very slightly. Therefore, calcium chloride increases directly the transudation into the peritoneal cavity and does not cause an increase in the amount of fluid in the peritoneal cavity merely by inhibiting the absorption. 8. It follows that adrenalin does not increase the amount of peritoneal transudate found after the intravenous infusion of large quantities of sodium chloride solution, to which adrenalin has been added, by delaying the absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The increased amounts of peritoneal fluid must be due to increased transudation into the peritoneal cavity; and the adrenalin, in view of its marked effect on absorption from the peritoneal cavity, must increase the movement of fluid into the peritoneal cavity much more strongly than could be assumed from the figures obtained in the infusion experiments.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE REGULATION OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE

1921 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Palmer ◽  
Dana W. Atchley ◽  
Robert F. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Cent Sodium

1. In pure gelatin solutions the conductivity of the solution increases with increasing concentrations, regardless of the hydrogen ion concentration. The actual value of the specific conductivity is greater at that reaction where the degree of ionization is greater. 2. The addition of gelatin in increasing concentrations to a 0.6 per cent sodium chloride solution affects the conductivity of that solution in two ways: (a) At pH 3.3, (where gelatin is highly ionized) the conductivity increases with each added increment of gelatin. (b) At pH 5.1 and 7.4 (where gelatin is less highly ionized) the conductivity decreases with each added increment of gelatin. A similar study is being made of crystalline egg albumin.

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