scholarly journals STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester S. King
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

A fresh strain of equine encephalomyelitis virus is infectious for adult mice in high dilutions by all modes of peripheral inoculation. A fixed strain has very limited invasive power when injected peripherally unless virus is placed in fairly close contact with nerve cell bodies, as in the intranasal or intraocular routes. For fixed virus the effectiveness of the mode of inoculation may be graded in the following descending order: intracerebral, intraocular and intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous. Fixed virus has a very limited power of invading the central nervous system along the axones of peripheral nerves even when injected directly into the nerve. Infants are more susceptible to infection than are adults. But even for infants, intraperitoneal inoculation with fixed virus is significantly less effective than similar inoculations with fresh virus. Brain trauma does not increase the effective titer of fresh or fixed viruses but may shorten the incubation period for fresh virus. With fixed virus injected intramuscularly, a pronounced facilitating effect may be produced by the simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of 0.20 to 0.25 cc. of 50 per cent glycerine. Other irritants tried are without effect.

scholarly journals A Determinant for Central Nervous System Persistence Localized in the Capsid of Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus by Using Recombinant Viruses

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1662-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Adami ◽  
Arthur E. Pritchard ◽  
Todd Knauf ◽  
Ming Luo ◽  
Howard L. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Conformational Determinant ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Loop Regions

ABSTRACT The demyelinating process in Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection in mice requires virus persistence in the central nervous system. Using recombinant TMEV assembled between the virulent GDVII and less virulent BeAn virus cDNAs, we now provide additional evidence supporting the localization of a persistence determinant to the leader P1 (capsid) sequences. Further, recombinant viruses in which BeAn sequences progressively replaced those of GDVII within the capsid starting at the leader NH2 terminus suggest that a conformational determinant requiring homologous sequences in both the VP2 puff and VP1 loop regions, which are in close contact on the virion surface, might underlie persistence.

Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Westaway ◽  
Stephen J. DeArmond ◽  
Juliana Cayetano-Canlas ◽  
Darlene Groth ◽  
Dallas Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Distribution of Transglutaminase 6 in the Central Nervous System of Adult Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 296 (10) ◽  
pp. 1576-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tao Liu ◽  
Bei-Sha Tang ◽  
Wei Lan ◽  
Ning-Ning Song ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Filament proteins in central, cranial, and peripheral mammalian nerves.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Davison ◽  
R N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Peptide Maps

Several classes of 10-nm filaments have been reported in mammalian cells and they can be distinguished by the size of their protein subunit. We have studied the distribution of these filaments in nerves from calves and other mammals. From the display on polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels of proteins in extracts from fibroblast and central, cranial and peripheral nerves, we cut the appropriate stained bands and prepared iodinated peptide maps. The similarities between the respective maps provide strong evidence for the presence of vimentin in cranial and peripheral nerves. The glial fibrillary acidic protein was found in axon preparations from the central nervous system, but was not identified in distal segments of some cranial nerves, nor in peripheral nerve.

scholarly journals Epitope-Tagged L* Protein of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Is Expressed in the Central Nervous System in the Acute Phase of Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (24) ◽  
pp. 13049-13054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Asakura ◽  
Harunobu Murayama ◽  
Toshiki Himeda ◽  
Yoshiro Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
L Protein ◽  
Theiler’S Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT TO subgroup strains of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) synthesize L* protein from an alternative initiation codon. We first demonstrated L* expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of TMEV-infected mice during the acute phase of infection by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti-L* antibody. In addition, we generated mutant viruses which synthesize FLAG or 3xFLAG epitope-tagged L* protein. With a mutant virus expressing 3xFLAG epitope-tagged L*, designated DA/3xFLAGL*, we investigated L* in the CNS in the acute phase of infection. DA/3xFLAGL* did not change the virus tropism in comparison with wild-type virus, and L* was clearly identified in the CNS in both susceptible and resistant strains of mice. Double immunolabeling studies showed that L* is colocalized with TMEV polyprotein and exclusively expressed in neurons.

Expression of the integrin alpha 6 beta 4 in peripheral nerves: localization in Schwann and perineural cells and different variants of the beta 4 subunit

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Niessen ◽  
O. Cremona ◽  
H. Daams ◽  
S. Ferraresi ◽  
A. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Integrin Alpha 6

Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is expressed in human peripheral nerves, but not in the central nervous system. This integrin heterodimer has previously been found in perineural fibroblast-like cells and in Schwann cells (SCs), which both assemble a basement membrane but do not form hemidesmosomes. We show here that in SCs, which had formed a myelin sheath, alpha 6 beta 4 was enriched in the proximity of the nucleus, at Ranvier paranodal areas and at Schmitt-Lanterman clefts; alpha 6 beta 4 was also found at the grooved interface between small axons and non-myelinating SCs. Immunoprecipitation of human peripheral nerves, in combination with Western blotting showed that beta 4 is associated with the alpha 6A subunit. Northern blot analysis of human peripheral nerves showed a single beta 4 transcript of 6 kb. Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we detected two mRNA species, one for the most common (−70, -53) form of beta 4 and the other encoding the (+53) variant of beta 4. Cultured SCs were devoid of alpha 6 beta 4 but expressed alpha 6 beta 1, indicating that SCs lose beta 4 expression when contact with neurons is lost. Thus, resting SCs in contact with axons express alpha 6A in combination with beta 4, irrespective of myelin formation. We suggest that alpha 6 beta 4 expressed in SCs plays a role in peripheral neurogenesis.

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