G305.8 - 0.2 water vapor source - A young object

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael R. Hays ◽

Hongbo Wang ◽

William S. Oates

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Water Source ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Liquid Crystal Elastomer ◽

Liquid Crystal Elastomers ◽

Response To Water ◽

Water Vapor Source

The actuation forces of a hydrophilic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) in response to water vapor was tested and modeled. These materials exhibit asymmetric swelling as water vapor is absorbed into one side of the elastomer film. This gives rise to deflection away from the water source. Deformation due to water vapor has shown to be on the order of seconds and is reversible which provides unique sensing and actuation characteristics for elastomer films. The constitutive behavior is modeled by using nonlinear continuum mechanics to predict internal changes in density of the liquid crystal elastomer and subsequent deformation by correlating moisture exposure with changes in the elastomer’s density. In order to compare the model and obtain a set material parameters, a micro-Newton measuring device was designed and tested to quantify the forces generated in the liquid crystal elastomer under bending. Forces ranging between 1 to 8 μN were measured as a function of the location of the water vapor source. The results provide important insight into chemical force response and sensing for a number of biomedical and microfluidic applications.

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Deuterium Excess in Precipitation Reveals Water Vapor Source in the Monsoon Margin Sites in Northwest China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12123315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3315

Author(s):

Fenli Chen ◽

Mingjun Zhang ◽

Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽

Shengjie Wang ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Northwest China ◽

Dry Season ◽

Deuterium Excess ◽

Stable Water Isotopes ◽

Wet Season ◽

Study Region ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Water Vapor Source ◽

D Value

The deuterium excess (d) in precipitation, determined by the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δ2H and δ18O), is a widely applied parameter in tracing the water vapor source. Based on the multiple-year observations of stable water isotopes in precipitation at four stations in the Lanzhou city, Northwest China, we analyzed the variations in deuterium excess in precipitation at the Asian monsoon margin region. The mean value of deuterium excess at the study region is 11.0‰ in the dry season and 8.0‰ in the wet season. The d value in precipitation negatively correlates with air temperature and vapor pressure. The low d value during the wet season reflects the monsoon moisture transported from long distances. During the dry season, the continental air masses correspond to the higher d value in precipitation. The moisture regimes based on reanalysis data are generally consistent with the findings using a stable isotopic approach, and the monsoon moisture is highlighted in summer precipitation at these monsoon margin sites.

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Design, Calibration and Implementation of a Biosynthetic Water Vapor Source

10.4271/941594 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

A. L. Blackwell ◽

S. Maa ◽

S. Agelopoulos

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Water Vapor Source

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Water Vapor from Western Eurasia Promotes Precipitation during the Snow Season in Northern Xinjiang, a Typical Arid Region in Central Asia

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weiguo Wang ◽

Hongyi Li ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Xiaohua Hao

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Central Asia ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Precipitation Trend ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Northern Xinjiang ◽

The North ◽

North Polar ◽

Western Eurasia ◽

Water Vapor Source

Atmospheric water vapor plays an important role in the water cycle, especially in arid Central Asia, where precipitation is invaluable to water resources. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between water vapor source regions and precipitation is a key problem in water resource research in typical arid Central Asia, Northern Xinjiang. However, the relationship between precipitation and water vapor sources is still unclear of snow season. This paper aimed at studying the role of water vapor source supply in the Northern Xinjiang precipitation trend, which was investigated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results showed that the total water vapor contributed from Western Eurasia and the North Polar area presented upward trends similar to the precipitation change trend, which indicated that the water vapor contribution from the two previous water vapor source regions supplied abundant water vapor and maintained the upward precipitation trend from 1980 to 2017 in Northern Xinjiang. From the climatology of water vapor transport, the region was controlled by midlatitude westerlies and major water vapor input from the western boundary, and the net water vapor flux of this region also showed an annual increasing trend. Western Eurasia had the largest moisture percentage contribution to Northern Xinjiang (48.11%) over the past 38 years. Northern Xinjiang precipitation was correlated with water vapor from Western Eurasia, the North Polar area, and Siberia, and the correlation coefficients were 0.66, 0.45, and 0.57, respectively. These results could aid in better understanding the water cycle process and climate change in this typical arid region of Central Asia.

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The Significance of Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in the Water Vapor Source in Dingxi Area

Water ◽

10.3390/w13172374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2374

Author(s):

Xixi Wu ◽

Fenli Chen ◽

Xueyuan Liu ◽

Shengjie Wang ◽

Mingjun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Recycled Water ◽

Vapor Source ◽

Oxygen Stable Isotopes ◽

Stable Oxygen ◽

Hydrogen And Oxygen Isotope ◽

Water Vapor Source ◽

Different Sources ◽

Isotope Analyses

Deuterium excess and stable oxygen isotopes in precipitation have been widely applied to trace the source of water vapor. In this study, hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of samples were collected on seven sampling stations in Dingxi area from April 2019 to April 2020. The seasonal variation of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes as well as the d-excess indicate that the source of water vapor in Dingxi area is mostly from a single source. However, there are different sources of water vapor in the summer. Meanwhile, water vapor sources were analyzed using the Lagrange algorithm, indicating two different principal water vapor sources for precipitation in the area: some locally recycled water vapor in summer and autumn, and most water vapor from the westerly belt. Further studies using the PSCF and CWT analysis methods show that the locally recycled water vapor contributes more to its precipitation in the northwest of Dingxi area.

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