Evolution of Mammalian Cheek Pouches and a Possibly Discontinuous Origin of a Higher Taxon (Geomyoidea)

1976 ◽  
Vol 110 (976) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Cheek Pouches

scholarly journals Effects of Onchung-eum, an Herbal Prescription, on 5-Fluorouracil–Induced Oral Mucositis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Park ◽  
Jayoung Oh ◽  
Seok-Jae Ko ◽  
Mun Seog Chang ◽  
Jinsung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
Herbal Prescription ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In most cancer patients, chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent side effect, leading to low quality of life and delay in therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Onchung-eum, a well-known herbal prescription in traditional medicine comprising 8 herbs that has long been used for skin diseases, on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–induced OM in human pharyngeal cells and golden Syrian hamsters. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and reactive oxygen species production were measured in vitro. The effects of Onchung-eum on OM of hamster cheek pouches induced by 5-FU were evaluated histologically and using TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression of nuclear factor-κB, caspase-3, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Significantly increased cell viability was observed in the Onchung-eum–treated groups compared with the 5-FU–treated control group. In 500 and 1000 mg/kg Onchung-eum–treated groups, the damaged epithelial layers in the cheek pouches of hamsters were significantly recovered. Moreover, at all concentrations, cell death in the cheek pouches of hamsters in the Onchung-eum–treated groups significantly decreased. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-3 also significantly decreased in Onchung-eum–treated groups at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. In conclusion, this study revealed that Onchung-eum can be used to treat chemotherapy-induced OM. However, further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Lipoxygenase inhibitors block O2 responses of hamster cheek pouch arterioles

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. H711-H716 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Hamster Cheek Pouch ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
Oxygen Reactivity

The hypothesis that a lipoxygenase is involved in arteriolar oxygen reactivity was tested in the superfused hamster cheek pouch preparation by assessment of the effects of three lipoxygenase inhibitors on the response of arterioles to changes in superfusate PO2. Superfusion of hamster cheek pouches with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (20 microM ETYA), or 100 microM 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone (phenidone) decreased (10 microM NDGA) or eliminated (30 microM NDGA, ETYA, or phenidone) the constriction of arterioles induced by elevation of superfusate oxygen tension. The response of the arterioles to the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine was not significantly affected by these inhibitors, an indication that the decreased oxygen response was not due to a nonspecific decrease in arteriolar reactivity. These data suggest that arteriolar oxygen reactivity in the hamster cheek pouch might involve a lipoxygenase or other noncyclooxygenase oxygen-dependent biochemical pathway that can be inhibited by NDGA, ETYA, and phenidone.

Patterns of microhabitat use and seed collection within populations of heteromyid rodents

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Robert T. M'Closkey
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Female Resident ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Heteromyid Rodents ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Microhabitat use and seeds in cheek pouches were examined in four species of heteromyid rodent. Individuals of each species were classified as male or female, resident or transient, and adult or juvenile. The following question is addressed: are there any differences in microhabitat use and seed collection within rodent species and are these differences associated with the sex, residence, or age of individuals? For microhabitats, there were significant differences among individuals for each species analyzed. However, these differences could not be attributed to sex, residence, or age groups within populations. In addition, there were no differences within rodent species in the variety or number of seeds contained in individual cheek pouches. In spite of apparent differences in microhabitat use among heteromyid species, individual rodents are extremely variable in their use of microhabitats.

Comparison of conduit vessel and resistance vessel reactivity: influence of intimal permeability

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. H1251-H1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuki ◽  
M. R. Hynes ◽  
B. R. Duling
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Longitudinal Variations ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Conduit Vessel

Arterioles of hamster cheek pouches are less reactive to luminal application of small hydrophilic agents than to adventitial application. To explore possible longitudinal variations in response sidedness, we compared reactivity of isolated vessels from carotid arteries to first-order arterioles. Concentration-response curves for luminally or adventitially applied phenylephrine (PE) were constructed. Arterioles were 274-fold less responsive when PE was in luminal vs. adventitial responsiveness decreased as vessel diameters increased, from 24-fold in inferior saccular arteries to 18-fold in external maxillary arteries and, finally, to 3-fold in common carotid arteries. Differences in response to luminal or adventitial application of PE could be eliminated in arterioles by perfusion with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), which disrupts membrane integrity. Treatment with CHAPS also increased the transmural movement of sodium fluorescein across arteriolar vessel walls. We conclude that a diffusion barrier exists in arterial walls, that there is a longitudinal variation in this barrier as expressed by the differences in movement of small hydrophilic molecules from lumen to smooth muscle cell layers, and that the site of the barrier is likely to be at the endothelial cell membrane.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Doppler Tomography of Malignancy in Hamster Cheek Pouches

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevine M. Hanna ◽  
William Waite ◽  
Katie Taylor ◽  
Woong-Gyu Jung ◽  
David Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Doppler Tomography ◽  
Optical Doppler Tomography ◽  
Cheek Pouches

Hamster Cheek Pouch Carcinoma: Effect of Incision and Cortisone on Growth, Invasion, and Metastasis

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tsiklakis ◽  
N.K. Wood ◽  
P.D. Toto ◽  
D.B. Doemling
Keyword(s):  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamster Cheek Pouch ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
The Right

After cheek pouch carcinomas were induced in hamsters by the application of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) to the right pouch for 13 weeks, the animals were divided into four groups and observed for seven more weeks. The control group received no further treatment, two experimental groups had incisional biopsies performed on tumors in their pouches, one of these groups also received injections of cortisone throughout the 20-week experimental period, and a fourth group received cortisone only. The wet weights of the cancerous cheek pouches were determined, and the submandibular and parotid salivary glands with associated cervical lymph nodes, the lungs, and the liver were examined with light microscopy. The cancerous pouches of the animals that received cortisone weighed significantly less than those of animals that received no cortisone but had incisional biopsies of the tumors. There was no significant difference in the degree of histodifferentiation of the tumors among the four groups. The animals in the two groups that received cortisone had significantly more tumors that were invasive than did the animals that did not receive cortisone. Cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in 21% to 38% of the animals but was not significantly different in the four groups. Distant metastases to the lungs or the liver were not found. Incisional biopsy of the tumors stimulated local growth of the cheek pouch tumors, and systemic cortisone administration produced more invasive cheek pouch tumors.

Polysaccharide digestion in cheek pouches of the bonnet macaque

Primates ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafeezur Rahaman ◽  
K. Srihari ◽  
R. V. Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Bonnet Macaque ◽  
Cheek Pouches

Derived muscle arrangements and their shared innervation patterns of external and internal cheek pouches in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Kawashima ◽  
Richard W. Thorington ◽  
Paula W. Bohaska ◽  
Fumi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
Cheek Pouches

Oxygen induces electromechanical coupling in arteriolar smooth muscle cells: a role for L-type Ca2+ channels

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. H2018-H2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Welsh ◽  
William F. Jackson ◽  
Steven S. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Arteriolar Wall ◽  
Cheek Pouches ◽  
Arteriolar Diameter ◽  
Ca2 Channels

We tested whether O2-induced vasomotor responses of arterioles correspond to changes in membrane potential ( E m) of cells in the arteriolar wall. The cheek pouches of anesthetized male hamsters were prepared for intravital microscopy and intracellular recording. Microelectrodes containing Lucifer yellow dye were used to label smooth muscle cells (SMC) or endothelial cells (EC) during arteriolar responses to O2. During low-[Formula: see text] superfusion (∼20 Torr; arteriolar diameter 55 ± 2 μm), E m of SMC and EC averaged −37 and −36 mV, respectively. High-[Formula: see text] superfusion (∼150 Torr) depolarized SMC (to −15 ± 1 mV) with vasoconstriction (to 24 ± 2 μm) and diameter cycled with E m of SMC during vasomotion. In contrast, the E m of EC did not change with [Formula: see text] nor during vasomotion, yet E m depolarized by 21 ± 2 mV when the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) was raised to 55 mM. Superfusion with diltiazem (10 μM) or nifedipine (1 μM) abolished vasomotor and electrical responses to[Formula: see text] in SMC but did not eliminate depolarizations to elevated [K+]o. We conclude that, under physiological conditions, electrical and mechanical responses of arteriolar SMC to changes in[Formula: see text] are mediated through L-type Ca2+ channels without corresponding electrical activity in EC.

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