The Evolution of Avian Migration Systems between Temperate and Tropical Regions of the New World

1985 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Cox
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Avian Migration ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Migration Systems

scholarly journals Phylogenomic analyses confirm a novel invasive North American Corbicula (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) lineage

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Haponski ◽  
Diarmaid Ó Foighil
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Freshwater Clams ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

The genus Corbicula consists of estuarine or freshwater clams native to temperate/tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia that collectively encompass both sexual species and clonal (androgenetic) lineages. The latter have become globally invasive in freshwater systems and they represent some of the most successful aquatic invasive lineages. Previous studies have documented four invasive clonal lineages, Forms A, B, C, and Rlc, with varying known distributions. Form A (R in Europe) occurs globally, Form B is found solely in North America, mainly the western United States, Form C (S in Europe) occurs both in European watersheds and in South America, and Rlc is known from Europe. A putative fifth invasive morph, Form D, was recently described in the New World from the Illinois River (Great Lakes watershed), where it occurs in sympatry with Forms A and B. An initial study showed Form D to be conchologically distinct: possessing rust-colored rays and white nacre with purple teeth. However, its genetic distinctiveness using standard molecular markers (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear ribosomal 28S RNA) was ambiguous. To resolve this issue, we performed a phylogenomic analysis using 1,699–30,027 nuclear genomic loci collected via the next generation double digested restriction-site associated DNA sequencing method. Our results confirmed Form D to be a distinct invasive New World lineage with a population genomic profile consistent with clonality. A majority (7/9) of the phylogenomic analyses recovered the four New World invasive Corbicula lineages (Forms A, B, C, and D) as members of a clonal clade, sister to the non-clonal Lake Biwa (Japan) endemic, Corbicula sandai. The age of the clonal clade was estimated at 1.49 million years (my; ± 0.401–2.955 my) whereas the estimated ages of the four invasive lineage crown clades ranged from 0.27 to 0.44 my. We recovered very little evidence of nuclear genomic admixture among the four invasive lineages in our study populations. In contrast, 2/6 C. sandai individuals displayed partial nuclear genomic Structure assignments with multiple invasive clonal lineages. These results provide new insights into the origin and maintenance of clonality in this complex system.

scholarly journals Maintenance of an Old World Betasatellite by a New World Helper Begomovirus and Possible Rapid Adaptation of the Betasatellite

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
pp. 9347-9355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman ◽  
Shahid Mansoor ◽  
Rob W. Briddon ◽  
Claude M. Fauquet
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Old World ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Chili Leaf Curl Betasatellite ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACT Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) cause major losses to crops throughout the tropical regions of the world. Begomoviruses originating from the New World (NW) and the Old World (OW) are genetically distinct. Whereas the majority of OW begomoviruses have monopartite genomes and whereas most of these associate with a class of symptom-modulating satellites (known as betasatellites), the genomes of NW begomoviruses are exclusively bipartite and do not associate with satellites. Here, we show for the first time that a betasatellite (cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite [CLCuMuB]) associated with a serious disease of cotton across southern Asia is capable of interacting with a NW begomovirus. In the presence of CLCuMuB, the symptoms of the NW cabbage leaf curl virus (CbLCuV) are enhanced in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, CbLCuV was unable to interact with a second betasatellite, chili leaf curl betasatellite. Although CbLCuV can transreplicate CLCuMuB, satellite accumulation levels in plants were low. However, progeny CLCuMuB isolated after just one round of infection with CbLCuV contained numerous mutations. Reinoculation of one such progeny CLCuMuB with CbLCuV to N. benthamiana yielded infections with significantly higher satellite DNA levels. This suggests that betasatellites can rapidly adapt for efficient transreplication by a new helper begomovirus, including begomoviruses originating from the NW. Although the precise mechanism of transreplication of betasatellites by begomoviruses remains unknown, an analysis of betasatellite mutants suggests that the sequence(s) required for maintenance of CLCuMuB by one of its cognate begomoviruses (cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus) differs from the sequences required for maintenance by CbLCuV. The significance of these findings and, particularly, the threat that betasatellites pose to agriculture in the NW, are discussed.

Old World-New World differentiation of so-called “circumtropical” taxa: the case of rare genus Grimaldina Richard, 1892 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Macrothricidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4291 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA N. NERETINA ◽  
ALEXEY A. KOTOV
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Water ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
New Material ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Dispersal Events

The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) is an ancient group of predominantly freshwater microscopic invertebrates. During the last three decades a cosmopolitanism paradigm in the biogeography of these animals is gradually being replaced by a concept of continental endemism. Current morphological and molecular genetic data demonstrate that many Holarctic taxa actually represent sibling species groups with localized distributions. Similarly, some circumtropical cladocerans are poorly studied and must be considered using the same concept. Grimaldina Richard, 1892 (Cladocera: Macrothricidae) is an example of such taxon. Since the first description time, this genus was considered as monotypic, including a single species Grimaldina brazzai Richard, 1892, distributed in tropical regions all around the World, but being rare everywhere across its distribution range. We carefully examined specimens of Grimaldina from different tropical water bodies, redescribed morphology of G. brazzai based on new material from Africa, supplemented the genus diagnosis, and demonstrated that G. brazzai is limited to the Old World (Africa and Asia). Population from New World tropical regions are described as Grimaldina freyi sp. nov., based on material from the collection of Prof. Dr David G. Frey and named in his honor. It clearly differs from G. brazzai in: (1) antenna II with longest endopod seta bearing more densely set spinulae and (2) limb V medial portion with a smaller ratio of seta 2 to seta 3. These traits in G. freyi sp. nov. are presumably plesiomorphic, while G. brazzai has more apomorphies. Divergence between American (G. freyi sp. nov.) and Old World (G. brazzai) populations could be related to the ancient vicariant events (Gondwana breakup) or to more recent trans-continental dispersal events. 

scholarly journals Avian migration and the distribution of malaria parasites in New World passerine birds

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Matthew Medeiros ◽  
Vincenzo A. Ellis ◽  
Maria Svensson-Coelho ◽  
John G. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Avian Migration

Possible Effects of Rate of Global Spin

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Porteus
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
New World ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
Diurnal Rotation

Technological retardation among certain ethnic groups has been commonly ascribed to the mental inertia associated with prolonged residence in tropical climates. However, in every direction except human resourcefulness tropical conditions favor the most rapid development. There were exceptional civilizations in tropical regions, but their decline was hastened by the failure of peoples in the New World to invent and use the wheel and the onset of the debilitating diseases of malaria, hookworm, etc. Another factor may be that the equatorial bulge happens also to be the region of greatest velocity of diurnal rotation. A device that could possibly assist in gathering data on the effect of extremes of spin is described. Its use might also reverse the trend toward overdomestication of the albino rat which threatens its continued usefulness for research. Present-day progress in space travel could favor such study.

THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF AVIAN MIGRATION SYSTEMS

Avian Biology ◽  
1982 ◽  
pp. 93-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney A. Gauthreaux
Keyword(s):  
Avian Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

scholarly journals Shifts to multiple optima underlie climatic niche evolution in New World phyllostomid bats

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1020
Author(s):  
Luiz H Varzinczak ◽  
Mauricio O Moura ◽  
Fernando C Passos
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Niche Evolution ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Climate underlies species distribution patterns, especially in species where climate limits distributions, such as the phyllostomid bats, which are mostly restricted to the New World tropics. The evolutionary dynamics that shaped phyllostomid climatic niches remain unclear, and a broad phylogenetic perspective is required to uncover their patterns. We used geographical distributions and evolutionary relationships of 130 species, climate data and phylogenetic comparative methods to uncover dynamics of phyllostomid climatic niche evolution. Diversification of climatic niches began early in phyllostomid evolution (~34 Mya), with most changes taking place ~20 Mya. Although most of these bats were found in tropical regions, shifts towards different evolutionary optima were common. Shifts were mostly towards temperate climates, reflecting complexities in phyllostomid evolution highlighted by the probable role of species-specific adaptations to cope with these climates, the influence of palaeoclimatic events, and biogeographical effects related to the evolution and dispersal of clades in the New World. Our results broaden our understanding of the relationships between phyllostomid bats and climate, filling an important gap in knowledge and suggesting a complex evolution in their occupation of the climatic niche space.

The potential for comparative research across New World bird migration systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (S1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Jahn ◽  
Víctor R. Cueto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
New World ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Faaborg ◽  
Richard T. Holmes ◽  
Angela D. Anders ◽  
Keith L. Bildstein ◽  
Katie M. Dugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Migration Systems

Patterns of partial avian migration in northern and southern temperate latitudes of the New World

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Jahn ◽  
Susana P. Bravo ◽  
Víctor R. Cueto ◽  
Douglas J. Levey ◽  
Marvin V. Morales
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Avian Migration
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