An Examination of the Reproductive Biology of Telopea speciosissima (Proteaceae) with Emphasis on the Nature of Protandry and the Role of Self‐Pollination in Fruit Set

2004 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Self Pollination

Honeybee pollination of the apricot cv. Trevatt

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Langridge ◽  
RD Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Self Pollination

The role of honeybees in the pollination of apricots cv. Trevatt was examined in a 2-year study. When trees were enclosed in cages, the percentage of flowers that set fruit, the weight of fruit harvested per tree and the number of fruit per tree were reduced by 43%, 32% and 50%, respectively. Honeybees comprised 97.6% of insects visiting the flowers, and since 84% of the bees counted were pollen gatherers visiting newly opened flowers, they were more significant pollinators than nectar collecting bees. Optimum conditions for opening and dehiscence of anthers were found to occur at temperatures of 20�C or higher and at 70% relative humidity or less. Parthenocarpy was not a significant factor in fruit set and while self-pollination and possibly some airborne pollen account for some fruit set, this cultivar does benefit from pollination by honeybees.

scholarly journals Role of Self-pollination and Reciprocal Stigma/Anthers Position on Fruit Set of Eight Self-compatible Almonds

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Godini ◽  
L. de Palma ◽  
M. Palasciano
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Amygdalus Communis

A study to ascertain the highest possible fruit set following self-pollination of eight self-compatible cultivars of almond (Amygdalus communis L. = Prunus dulcis Mill) was carried out in Apulia (southern Italy). Fruits set from daily hand-selling were high, compared to those from unassisted self-pollination. The results support growing most of the self-compatible Apulian almonds in solid blocks, without need for cross-pollination, provided that self-pollination is optimized by insect vectors. The relative capability of the cultivars to set fruits by unassisted self-pollination was independent of the reciprocal stigma/anthers position within the same flower.

Self-compatibility, autonomous self-pollination, and insect-mediated pollination in the clonal species Iris versicolor

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kron ◽  
Steven C. Stewart ◽  
Allison Back
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Pollinator Behaviour ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Clonal Species

In clonal species, sexual and asexual systems interact to create a hierarchy of reproduction. For example, self-pollination can occur within pollination units, flowers, ramets, or clones. We investigated the reproductive biology of a natural population of Iris versicolor using pollination manipulations and observations of pollinator behaviour. We found that (i) individuals were completely self-compatible, (ii) selfing rates were close to 100%, (iii) autonomous self-pollination can occur through stigma–anther contact or wind action, (iv) most seed and fruit set can be accounted for by insect pollination, and (v) facilitated self-pollination likely occurs because pollinators frequently visit more than one pollination unit within a flower. Our observations showed that flowers pass through three stages: (i) a male stage (in which pollen is freely available, but stigmas are inaccessible, preventing autogamy); (ii) a female stage (in which stigma flaps have reflexed and are receptive, but pollinators may have already removed most pollen grains, structuring opportunities for geitonogamy); and (iii) a strongly autogamous stage (in which stigma flaps have curled back to contact anthers, leading to delayed autonomous self-pollination). This hierarchy of relatedness among mates determines the genetic consequences of vegetative and sexual reproduction in clonal plants and influences their evolution. Key words: Iris, self-incompatibility, reproductive biology, clonal, pollination.

The role of non-flying animals in the pollination of Banksia nutans

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Wooller ◽  
S. J. Wooller
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Honey Possum

Banksia nutans is a common, 1 m high, bushy shrub that flowers over summer in the sandplain heathlands on the southern coast of Western Australia. It appears to be principally pollinated by the honey possum, Tarsipes rostratus. This tiny (7–10 g) marsupial is the most abundant and widespread mammal in one large heathland where 97% of honey possums trapped near B. nutans were found to carry its pollen. An experiment was conducted that regulated access to flowers by different groups of pollinators. Exclosures around bushes removed access to flowers by flying animals, but still allowed honey possums to visit the flowers. This treatment resulted in fruit set that was not significantly different from bushes to which all animals had access. Exclusion of animal visitors resulted in significantly lower (albeit substantial) fruit set. This indicates a capacity for self-pollination that may offset the apparent reliance of Banksia nutans on honey possums for pollination.

Fine structure and possible functions of the hermaphrodite duct of some pulmonate snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Alan N. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Standard Techniques

The hermaphrodite duct of pulmonate snails connects the ovotestis to the fertilization pouch. The duct is typically divided into three zones; aproximal duct which leaves the ovotestis, the middle duct (seminal vesicle) and the distal ovotestis duct. The seminal vesicle forms the major portion of the duct and is thought to store sperm prior to copulation. In addition the duct may also play a role in sperm maturation and degredation. Although the structure of the seminal vesicle has been described for a number of snails at the light microscope level there appear to be only two descriptions of the ultrastructure of this tissue. Clearly if the role of the hermaphrodite duct in the reproductive biology of pulmonatesis to be understood, knowledge of its fine structure is required.Hermaphrodite ducts, both containing and lacking sperm, of species of the terrestrial pulmonate genera Sphincterochila, Levantina, and Helix and the marine pulmonate genus Siphonaria were prepared for transmission electron microscopy by standard techniques.

PHENOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF Chresta scapigera (LESS.) Gardner (ASTERACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 710-721
Author(s):  
Écio Souza Diniz ◽  
◽  
Rodolfo Oliveira Costa ◽  
Larissa Areal Carvalho Müller ◽  
Jan Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
The Self ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Self Pollination

Chrestas capigera (Less.) Gardner is an important medicinal herb which, however, has been poorly studied for its biology and ecology. This study aimed to investigate its phenology, floral biology, reproductive biology (self-pollination tests), spatial distribution and correlations between phenophases and climatic data in two sites (Cerrado stricto sensu and Campo rupestre) in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. From August of 2012 to August of 2013, we monitored phenophase occurrence for 70 individuals: emission of new leaves, flowering, production of immature fruits, and mature fruits. Floral anthesis occurred during daytime and remained all day until fruit formation. Peak leaf emergence was observed in April, correlating with minimum monthly temperature and mean monthly precipitation. Flowering and green fruit peaked in May and June, respectively, and correlated negatively with all climatic variables. Mature fruits peaked in June, but did not correlate significantly with any of the climatic variables. However, no difference was found between the two sites regarding the timing of phenophases. The spatial distribution pattern of individuals within sites was random. The self-pollination tests showed that the individuals pollinated and fertilized themselves. Our findings allow us to conclude that the phenology of C. scapigera has pronounced phenological seasonality with reproductive peak activities in the drier and colder season, which is congruent with the self-pollination and anemochoric dispersion strategy.

How mountains shape biodiversity: The role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America's most species‐rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Esquerré ◽  
Ian G. Brennan ◽  
Renee A. Catullo ◽  
Fernando Torres‐Pérez ◽  
J. Scott Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
The Andes

Ecology, reproductive biology and hybridization in Gaultheria L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fleshy Fruits

The ecology, reproductive biology and hybridization of species in the genus Gaultheria (Ericaceae) has been investigated with particular reference to those species in Ecuador. Most species were found to be plants of disturbed ground particularly on roadside banks and forest margins. The species in Ecuador were not seen to be visited by potential pollinators although fruit set was high. No animals were seen to eat the fleshy fruits. Male sterile plants of many species from throughout the distribution of the genus were observed indicating a higher level of gynodioecism in the genus than previously thought. Empty anthers in two Ecuadorean species suggests that gynodioecism may be present in many species without any clear morphological change. A hybrid between Gaultheria myrsinoides and G. reticulata has been found in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Time of flowering and fertilisation of quince varieties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contradictory Data

Literature dealing with flowering and fertilisation of quince is scarce. Most controversial and scanty are informations on observations of self- and cross-pollination. According to our observations, differences in blooming time are few (2-3) days only, thus flowering of most varieties is synchronous. The varieties observed are grouped as early, intermediate and late flowering ones. Self fertility of the individual varieties, however, was not assessed unequivocally, therefore it is recommended, by safety reasons, to consider quince actually as a whole to be auto-incompatible. Artificial self-pollination (or rather geitonogamy) as well as cross pollination with other varieties increased substantially fruit set if compared with the results of natural self-pollination (autogamy). According to the fruit set of their open pollinated flowers, varieties have been classified according to fertility as low (below 10 %), medium (between 10 and 20 %) and high (more than 20 %). Cross fertility of varieties is highly variable depending on combination and on season. Contradictory data are probably due to the sensitivity of quince to conditions of search. Better fruit set was coincident with higher number of stout seeds per fruit. Well developed seeds are definitely a prerequisite of larger fruit size.  

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