Water Pollution: Methods and Criteria to Rank, Model and Remediate Chemical Threats to Aquatic Ecosystems. Lars Hakanson

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome O. Nriagu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Threats

Part IV Fundamental Rights and Obligations, A Substantive Obligations, 11 The Obligation to Protect International Watercourses and Their Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
McCaffrey Stephen C
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Basic Human Needs

This chapter looks at the obligation not to cause significant pollution to other states sharing freshwater resources, and of the emerging obligation to protect the ecosystems of international watercourses. While problems of water pollution have perhaps received more attention in the literature, it seems probable that the protection of watercourse ecosystems is of wider significance, in terms of geography, meeting basic human needs, and sustainable development. Sustainable development was endorsed at the 1992 Earth Summit as the proper approach to reconciling economic development with protection of the environment. It aims at ensuring that economic development will not exhaust the very resources on which it, and human welfare itself, depend. Clean water and healthy aquatic ecosystems are cornerstones of this effort. International law has now progressed to the point that it protects those values.

scholarly journals Modern ecological condition of surface waters of Trubizh river

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yezlovetska ◽  
◽  
M. Ladyka ◽  
A. Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Village

The problem of environmental safety of water bodies is relevant today, especially for the basins of small and medium-sized rivers, which are clear indicators of the environment state. One of them is the Trubizh River. The water resources of this river are formed under the anthropogenically changed conditions of the drainage and humidification complex of the Trubizh reclamation system. These resources are also receivers of effluents from point and diffuse sources. Thus, there is a need for constant monitoring of the ecological condition of the river. The water quality of it is a consequence of anthropogenic activities in the watershed. The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the Trubizh River ecological condition under the modern conditions of water quality formation. The analysis has been conducted using official data from the state monitoring of water quality for 2015-2019 years and our own research for 2015-2016 years. 7 observation points have been considered from souse to mouth of the river: border areas of Brovary and Baryshivka; Baryshivka – 1 km above and 0.9 km below the village, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky – 0.5 km above and 1 km below the town, the mouth of the Alta and Trubizh rivers). We used such methods as analytical (determination of water quality indicators according to generally accepted standardized methods); analysis, systematization and generalization of the monitoring database; method of calculation of integrated block indices and complex ecological index of water quality (IE). It is established that during the five-year period (2015-2019) according to the weighted average and the worst values of the complex ecological index (IEworst 4.2) the waters are characterized as "satisfactory", "slightly polluted" of the III class quality 4 category. In 2018 and 2019 years, there was a deterioration in water quality by one category (III quality class 5 category) - "mediocre", "moderately polluted" water. This is due to a set of conditions of natural and climatic (insufficient rainfall and rising air temperature) and anthropogenic nature (water pollution, unauthorized surface water abstraction, runoff obstruction, etc.). It is noted that Trubizh river is characterized by stable uniform spatial water pollution. The largest values of IE are recorded in the area of influence of the village Baryshivka (IE worst 3.7-3.8) and Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi in the sampling points: the Alta river mouth (IEworst 4.0) and the Trubizh river mouth (IEworst 3.7). The water quality in these sampling points corresponded to class III of category 4 and was generally characterized as "satisfactory", "polluted". In general, the deterioration of water quality is caused by organic pollution (according to the indicator of dichromate oxidation (IV class, 6 category), BOD5 (Biochemical oxygen demand) (III class, 5 category), nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate) – V class, 7 category) and phosphorus compounds (phosphate ions – III class, 5 category), total iron and general chromium – III class, 5 category, phenols and SSAS (synthetic surfactants active substances) – IV class, 6 category. Thus, one of the main reasons for the degradation of the river is the anthropogenic conditionality of its development as a result of the urbanized and agricultural areas impact. The obtained data open the prospect of continuing work on monitoring and assessing the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems of the Trubizh River for the further development of scientifically based recommendations. It is necessary for making management decisions for sustainable use and protection of surface waters and restoration of aquatic ecosystems of Trubizh River Basin.

scholarly journals Aggregation-induced emission fluorogens as biomarkers to assess the viability of microalgae in aquatic ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (97) ◽  
pp. 17257-17260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Guo ◽  
Wei-Ping Gai ◽  
Yuning Hong ◽  
Ben Zhong Tang ◽  
Jianguang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Algal Concentration

An aggregation-induced emission fluorogen is reported as a novel tool to differentiate dead and live microalgae and quantify the link between live algal concentration and fluorogen intensity for monitoring water pollution in the environment.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

2021 ◽  
Vol XXVIII (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Nina Sava ◽  
◽  
Galina Marusic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This paper is a detailed description and analysis of the most popular techniques digital for water quality control nowadays. It is illustrated how these techniques can be applied to solve problems that have arisen as a result of water pollution of aquatic ecosystems in different countries of the world. The advantages and disadvantages of using dynamic simulation software tools are presented and are based on an analysis of their operation. For each software product are highlighted the water quality parameters that can be simulated. It also presents the analysis of software products regarding the type of simulated aquatic ecosystem, as well as spatiotemporal modelling. The realization of these techniques is based on mathematical models. The development of digital techniques at the regional level may take into account certain characteristics specific to a particular aquatic ecosystem. The models can only cover a limited number of pollutants. In the process of selecting the parameters for the model, pollutants must be chosen which are a concern in themselves and which would also represent a wider set of substances that cannot be modelled in detail. Although the digital techniques examined to provide a particularly accurate estimate of water quality, the behaviour of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems remains an area of active and current research.

scholarly journals THE EIS OPTIONS AT MONITORING THE SPREAD OF POLLUTION IN THE STREAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
JANA PAŘÍLKOVÁ ◽  
ZBYNĚK ZACHOVAL ◽  
JAN JANDORA
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Surface Water Pollution ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectrometry

Water pollution is one of the most significant problems in the world today and is a global problem. Surface water pollution in streams and reservoirs is reflected in the deterioration of the quality of aquatic ecosystems, including those that occur in their vicinity or follow them. Lack of quality drinking water is one of the main causes of various diseases, which can lead to death, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is important to detect water pollution in time and anticipate how it could develop and be transported in the stream. Measurements on a physical model are time-consuming and economically demanding, but for a given locality it can provide comprehensive information, including the proposal of possible measures and their verification. It is also a suitable approach for calibration and verification of mathematical models. One of the main tasks in the physical modelling of the spread of pollution in the stream was to find a suitable substance that would simulate the pollution without being aggressive towards the water pumping circuit. The method of electrical impedance spectrometry was chosen for its detection in the stream.

Subsidence from an Underground Coal Mine and Mine Wastewater Discharge Causing Water Pollution and Degradation of Aquatic Ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Wright ◽  
Blake McCarthy ◽  
Nakia Belmer ◽  
Philip Price
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Underground Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Wastewater

Vocabulary of aquatic ecosystems

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems
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