Constructing an Observational Model of the Neutral Atmospheric Refraction Delay from Measured Values of the Astronomical Refraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 2054-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Mao ◽  
Binhua Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Qiongxian Tie ◽  
Hanwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Astronomical Refraction

Astronomical Refraction at Low Altitudes in Marine Navigation

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Considerable Simplification ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Astronomical Refraction ◽  
Marine Navigation

Every navigator is familiar with the necessity for correcting sextant observations of altitude for the effect of atmospheric refraction. He does this by means of tables which the great majority of navigators are compelled to take on trust, as they would a table of haversines. Unfortunately it is much easier to guarantee the accuracy of a table of a straightforward mathematical function than it is to tabulate accurately an optical effect occurring in a notoriously variable atmosphere. Recent American work based on large numbers of marine observations has to some extent called into question the accuracy of the low-altitude portions of the usual tables, and it therefore seems worth while to give a brief account of refraction theory and also to consider how far it is confirmed by observation. The treatment will be restricted to refraction as it affects marine navigation. This is a considerable simplification. Aerial observations may be made at any level between the ground and the lower stratosphere, so that air navigation involves a much greater range of pressures and temperatures at the position of the observer. Moreover, it involves some occurrence of much more strongly negative altitudes than can be observed from bridge height on a ship, and at such negative altitudes (i.e. zenith distances over 90°) the intrinsic variability of the refraction is large enough to make any table rather unreliable.

scholarly journals Astronomical refraction at the Mizusawa Latitude Observatory

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Shigetsugu Takagi ◽  
Yukio Goto
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Computer ◽  
Satellite Geodesy ◽  
Primitive Equations ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Astronomical Refraction

The formulation to calculate the precise refraction by means of the primitive equations by an electronic computer was made to be used for the calculation of the atmospheric refraction in the astrometry and the satellite geodesy with upper air data obtained with the atmospheric soundings.

scholarly journals Calculating astronomical refraction by means of continued fractions

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
S. Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Expansion ◽  
Continued Fractions ◽  
Continued Fraction ◽  
Astronomical Refraction

A continued fraction was derived for the summation of the asymptotic expansion of astronomical refraction. Using simple approximations for the last denominator of the fraction, accurate formulae, useful down to the horizon, were obtained. The method is not restricted to any model of the atmosphere and can thus be used in calculations based on actual aerological measurements.

scholarly journals An origin of the variations of astronomical refraction

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Haruo Yasuda ◽  
Rikinosuke Fukaya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Scale Height ◽  
Atmospheric Density ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Astronomical Refraction

There exists an empirical relation between the anomalous refraction and the atmospheric density in the surface layer. From the relations the variations of scale height for each night can be determined by the temperature and pressure in the surface layer. A correction term to the refraction table is derived in an analytical expression.

Atmospheric refraction effects in Earth remote sensing

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Noerdlinger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing

On an Inaccuracy (having its greatest value about 1″) in the usual method of computing the Moon's Parallax.

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Edward Sang
Keyword(s):  
Usual Method ◽  
Zenith Distance ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Usual Operation

When, as in the usual operation, the moon's observed zenith distance is corrected for the effects of atmospheric refraction, the zenith distance so obtained is that of the rectilineal part of the ray of light between the planet and the upper surface of the air; and on applying that correction, as at the Observatory, we do not obtain the direction of the moon as it would have been seen if there had been no atmosphere, but that of a line drawn parallel to the first part of the ray, and therefore passing below the moon.

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