Lapsed into History: J. D. E. Preuß, the Prussian Academy of Sciences, and the Struggle for Access to State Archives in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Berlin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Ulrich Päßler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Prussian Academy ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Diplomacy of the Concil of Lithuania in Entente powers

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Sandra Grigaravičiūté
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
National Council ◽  
Central State ◽  
Direct Indication ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The research reveals appointment, competence and type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania delegated to represent the Council of Lithuania, Lithuania’s interests or affairs abroad (in neutral and “belligerent countries”) from 22 October 1917 to 11 November 1918. The Entente Powers include the United States, Great Britain, France and also Italy in some cases. Russia, which also belonged to the Entente, is left outside the scope of the research, because after Soviet Russia signed the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918), it did no longer fight on the side of the Entente. The research on the diplomacy of the Council of Lithuania in the Entente Powers was carried out on the basis of published (press, memoirs, published documents) and unpublished sources (from the Lithuanian Central State Archives, Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences). The study employed the methods of analysis and comparison, the descriptive method, and the comparison of sources and literature. While processing the primary sources, in particular in French and German languages, the logistic-analytical method was applied (the notional content and information analysis was carried out). The research consists of two parts. In the first part of investigation the author analyzes the appointment and competence of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” and concludes, that the analysis of the circumstances of appointment and chronology of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania in neutral and “belligerent countries” as well as the content of their authorizations made it clear that permanent authorized representatives, Juozas Purickis and Vladas Daumanatas-Dzimidavičius, who were appointed on 22 October 1917, had their residence in Lausanne and constituted a part of the collegial body of Lithuanian National Council, were authorized to represent the Council of Lithuania; however, only Purickis’ authorization included the phrase “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad”; there was no indication as to what countries were meant. An equivalent wording – “to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad” – was also included in the texts of authorizations of non-permanent authorized representatives – Augustinas Voldemaras and Konstantinas Olšauskas. The material contained in the minutes of the meetings of the Council of Lithuania entails that “representation in belligerent countries” also meant representation in the Entente Powers, though no direct indication was included. In the second part of the study the author reveals the specific type of activities of the authorized representatives of the Council of Lithuania (October 1917 – November 1918) and states, that Permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania, who were based in Lausanne and formed a part of the collegial Lithuanian National Council, did not always coordinate their diplomatic steps in the Entente Powers or in their embassies in Bern; hence, the Council of Lithuania had to deny or dissociate itself from certain statements made by the Lithuanian National Council (in Lausanne) (the declaration of separation from Russia of 25 December 1917; the protest telegram of June 1918). Both permanent and non-permanent representatives of the Council of Lithuania authorized to represent Lithuania’s interests abroad shared the same goal of seeking “the recognition of the right to self-determination for the Lithuanian nation” and the recognition of independence declared by the Council of Lithuania (on the basis of Part I of the Act of 11 December 1917 and the Act of 16 February 1918).

scholarly journals Polish Notes on Moscow Documents of the Time of Troubles: Historical and Linguistic Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Eilbart
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
System Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Introduction. The article analyzes Polish markings made on documents of Moscow origin during the Time of Troubles. Materials. For analysis we took documents stored in the archives of St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (petitions of nobles, merchants and peasants to Moscow princes, King Sigismund III and Prince Vladislav), as well as documents from the Smolensk archive, which are located in the State Archives of Sweden (Riksarkivet). Two categories of documents stand out: petitions of Moscow nobles addressed to King Sigismund III and Prince Vladislav, as well as other documents that fell into the hands of the Poles after the fall of Smolensk in 1611. We included in the last category the documents of Smolensk Provincial Prikaz and the personal archive of voevoda M.B. Shein as well. After a long stay in the territory of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, a part of The Smolensk Archive came to Sweden during the Polish-Swedish war (the “Flood”), a part settled in the continental Europe, later re-entered the territory of Russia due to the activities of the Archaeographic Commission. Methods. We used the methods of comparative linguistic analysis, the method of comparison, the system method, as well as the narrative and historical-genetic methods. Results. Polish inscriptions on documents of Moscow origin testify to the great influence of the Russian language on Polish and the appearance of numerous Russisms in the Polish language.

scholarly journals Listy Władysława Taczanowskiego do Aleksandra Straucha w zbiorach Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk – interesujący przyczynek historii zoologii w XIX wieku

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Piotr Daszkiewicz ◽  
Dominika Mierzwa-Szymkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Interesting Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Zoology ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Letters from Władysław Taczanowski to Alexander Strauch in the Russian Academy of Sciences Collections. An Interesting Contribution to the History of Zoology in the Nineteenth Century The article presents the Polish translation and analysis of the letters from Władysław Taczanowski (1819–1890) to Aleksander Strauch (1832–1893). The correspondence is stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and comprises 29 letters written between 1870 and 1889. The main theme of these letters is specimens of reptiles and amphibians sent to Warsaw by Polish naturalists, such as Benedykt Dybowski from Siberia, Konstanty Jelski from French Guiana and Peru, Jan Kalinowski from Korea, as well as specimens brought by Taczanowski from Algeria. Strauch determined the species and used them in his publications. This correspondence is also a valuable testimony of the exchange of specimens between the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet and the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. In return for herpetological specimens, the Warsaw collection received numerous fish specimens from the Russian Empire and a collection of birds from Mikołaj Przewalski’s expedition to Central Asia. The content of the letters allows a better understanding of the functioning of natural history museography but also the organization of shipments, preparation, determination, and exchange of specimens. They are a valuable document of the history of nineteenth-century scientific museography.

Orpheus in Berlin: A Reappraisal of Johann Georg Sulzer's Theory of the Polite Arts

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan van der Zande
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Modern State ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Prussian Academy ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Belles Lettres ◽  
Civic Awareness ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In 1771 Johann Georg Sulzer, a well-established member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and Belles-Lettres, published the first volume of his long awaited lexicon A General Theory of the Polite Arts (Allgemeine Theorie der schönen Künste). Although the work sold well, not many critics were convinced of its major tenet that the production and enjoyment of works of art should serve to promote the civic awareness of the citizenry of the modern state. And while Sulzer's influence on the aesthetic theories of Kant and Schiller is generally recognized and he consequently has kept a relatively high profile in histories of aesthetics, his lexicon did not survive the century in which it was written.

The French Academy of Sciences in the nineteenth century

Minerva ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Crosland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Sur le progres des sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Oana Matei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Natural Philosopher ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Prussian Academy ◽  
Berlin Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper investigates the Baconian roots of Maupertuis’s Lettre XIX. Sur le Progrès des Sciences (1752). The Letter was published almost a decade after Maupertuis had accepted Frederick II’s invitation to move from Paris to Berlin and become the new President of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Contrary to the secondary literature that identifies a distinction between Maupertuis’s Parisian and Berliner phases, this paper argues that there is in fact greater continuity between the two. Based on a reading that empha­sizes the programmatic and methodological commonalities between Bacon’s project in De augmentis scientiarum (1623) and Maupertuis’s Lettre XIX, this paper argues that, in a Baconian fashion, Maupertuis combines the roles of the “scientist” and the “natural philosopher” into an integrated plan of action with both intellectual an institutional aims. One of Maupertuis’s aims was to highlight the importance of observation and experiment not only in the development of natural philosophy but also for some aspects of speculative philosophy, while another of his aims was to reinvigorate the structure of the Berlin Academy and to model it the fashion of other similar European intellectual projects of that time.

The American Countercurrent - Eastward Flow of Geologists and Their Ideas in the Late Nineteenth Century

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dott
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Petrology ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mountain Building ◽  
Precambrian Geology ◽  
Carnegie Institution Of Washington ◽  
Foreign Correspondent ◽  
International Geological Congress ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Whereas the trans-Atlantic flow of geological knowledge previously had been overwhelmingly westward, by the mid-nineteenth century, an eastward countercurrent had begun. That flow increased rapidly after the Civil War, when geology was at the forefront in the maturation of science in America. H.D. Rogers was appointed Regius Professor at the University of Glasgow in 1855. James Hall was chosen to be Organizing President of the first International Geological Congress in Paris (1878) and the first English-speaking foreign correspondent of the Academy of Sciences of France (1884). James D. Dane was almost as well known abroad as Hall, especially for his mountain-building theory. Increasingly, American theoretical contributions had to be reckoned with in such fields as Mountain Building, Structural and Precambrian Geology, Geomorphology and Glacial Geology, and Paleontology. By the first decade of the twentieth century, America had seized the initiative on several fronts, but especially in experimental petrology and physics of the earth's interior through the creation of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Ivan Lepyokhin’s Expedition to the Middle Volga

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Salmin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

the 18th-century expeditions from the Academy of Sciences aimed at colonizing new territories, especially eastern, exploring their landscapes, natural resources, and inhabitants. The article focuses on the team working in the Cheremshan basin. The description of findings is arranged in five sections, following Lepyokhin’s classification: landscape, population, clothing, occupations, and rituals. For the first time, a complete, updated, and verified list of settlements visited by the expedition members is provided. The role of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Director, Count Vladimir Orlov, in the organization of the expedition is described. The author disproves the opinion regarding the authorship of the anonymous article “Brief News About Simbirsk Vicegerency” published in the “Mesyatsoslov” journal in 1786. The persons to whom the article was attributed include Lepyokhin, Maslenitsky, and Ozeretskovsky, but the textological analysis of the article and of the manuscript at the Russian State Archives of Military History suggests that this is a collective digest of manuscripts by Milkovich and Maslenitsky.

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