Visual Performance of Horseshoe Crabs: Role of Underwater Lighting

1997 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Passaglia ◽  
M. E. McSweeney ◽  
K. M. Stewart ◽  
E. Kim ◽  
E. J. Mole ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Elyssa Livergant

February 2010. The lights are off. As I adjust to the dark I can make out shapes of others scattered around the room. Disoriented and uncertain I wait for some sign or direction of what to do. The air is thick with anticipation, but as time drags it becomes clear that no instructions are coming. Then it begins all around me. Sat in the dark in a workshop in the courtroom studio of Toynbee Studios, I begin to feel anxious. I see the outline of another body in front of me and I panic. I should do something. I reach for anything that might keep things working, that might keep play going. Does anyone want to dance, I ask. I waltz. I sense someone dancing behind me.In what follows I think through my participation in a 2010 workshop led by Anne Bean, recounted in part above, to understand better the role of play in the conditions of production for theatre and performance under capital. Bean is an interdisciplinary artist, belonging to (or claimed by) multiple experimental art scenes, including visual, performance, and sound art, who has been a central figure of European live art since the 1970s. The workshop, which was conducted largely in the dark and focused on the aestheticization of cooperation through an emphasis on its participants doing play was held at Artsadmin's Toynbee Studios, the influential UK arts producing organization's home in East London. This article puts my account of Bean's workshop in conversation with Victorian economist Arnold Toynbee's demand for a new capitalist morality. Toynbee's appeal was, of course, not directed at me or the other workshop participants disoriented and uncertain in the dark. But, I argue, the situation of play that arose in Bean's workshop is a contemporary iteration of what Toynbee called a gospel of life, a term referring to a commitment to self and civic betterment at the core of a burgeoning capitalist morality. The connection between the shaping of Victorian labor practices and the staging of cooperation between participants in Bean's contemporary workshop is the basis for this essay's core assertion: that the value of play as a counterpoint to work within practices and discourses of theatre and performance needs considerable rethinking.


2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Knoop ◽  
O Stefani ◽  
B Bueno ◽  
B Matusiak ◽  
R Hobday ◽  
...  

Light is necessary for vision; it enables us to sense and perceive our surroundings and in many direct and indirect ways, via eye and skin, affects our physiological and psychological health. The use of light in built environments has comfort, behavioural, economic and environmental consequences. Daylight has many particular benefits including excellent visual performance, permitting good eyesight, effective entrainment of the circadian system as well as a number of acute non-image forming effects and the important role of vitamin D production. Some human responses to daylight seem to be well defined whilst others require more research to be adequately understood. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge on how the characteristics of daylight play a role in fulfilling these and other functions often better than electric lighting as conventionally delivered.


Eye ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Goble ◽  
D P S O'brart ◽  
C P Lohmann ◽  
F Fitzke ◽  
J Marshall

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen K. Powers ◽  
Robert B. Barlow ◽  
Leonard Kass

AbstractA circadian clock modulates the structure and function of the lateral eyes of Limulus polyphemus, greatly increasing their sensitivity at night. During the mating season, male Limulus are visually attracted both day and night to females and objects that resemble females. This paper asks how well Limulus can see day and night, and whether the circadian changes in retinal sensitivity might influence the ability of these animals to find mates. We recorded the visual behavior of male and female horseshoe crabs in the vicinity of an object – a cement hemisphere (29.5 cm diameter) similar in size and shape to a female horseshoe crab – placed in a mating area near Mashnee Dike, Bourne, Massachusetts. Males oriented toward this target from an average distance of 0.94 m during the day and 0.88 m at night; and females appeared to avoid the target. We conclude that males can see potential mates at night almost as well as they can during the day. Apparently the circadian changes in the retina help compensate for the daily changes in illumination in the animal's normal environment. This study provides the first evidence for a role of visual circadian rhythms in an animal's natural behavior.


1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT ROSENBERG ◽  
ELEANOR FAYE ◽  
MICHAEL FISCHER ◽  
DEBRA BUDICK
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
E. Hajdu ◽  
N. Korac ◽  
P. Cindric ◽  
D. Ivanisevic ◽  
M. Medic

Genetical alterations and phytosanitary status promote the variability and modify the appearance of vine. Old vine varieties in old vineyards are highly variable and well adapted to selection. Clonal selektion is based on a visual performance: valuable individuals (clones) are picked out according to visible symptoms or characters. The genetical stability of clones is proved by testing the vegetatively propagated progenies on the basis of morphological and molekular (SSR, AFLP, SMPL, RAPD) markes. Authors take great care of the visual phytosanitary selection as part of the clonal selection being the oreliminary step to develop pathogen-free propagation stocks. In Serbia (Vojvodina) the selection breeding has been carried on for several decades resulted in comparative clone trials with home and imported clones of Welsch Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot gris, White Riesling. Among the clones of home selection SK.54 Welsch Riesling clone is the most valuable. Its clearing from pathogene is being carried on in an interregional IPA programme (HUSRB/0901/214/123) in Kecskemét. In Kecskemét, the centre of the Hungarian Danube vine region 5 vine clones have been registered (Cegléd szépe K.73, Irsai Olivér K.11, Kövidinka K.8, Hárslevelû K.9, Pannónia kincse K.56). Besides them 18 virus-tested clones have also been qualified.Works aiming at their complete exemption are going on in order to obtain clones free of propagation wood-borne diseases.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina R. Bauer ◽  
Freek van Ede ◽  
Andrew J. Quinn ◽  
Anna C. Nobre

AbstractAt any given moment our sensory systems receive multiple, often rhythmic, inputs from the environment. Processing of temporally structured events in one sensory modality can guide both behavioural and neural processing of events in other sensory modalities, but how this occurs remains unclear. Here, we used human electroencephalography (EEG) to test the cross-modal influences of a continuous auditory frequency-modulated (FM) sound on visual perception and visual cortical activity. We report systematic fluctuations in perceptual discrimination of brief visual stimuli in line with the phase of the FM sound. We further show that this rhythmic modulation in visual perception is related to an accompanying rhythmic modulation of neural activity recorded over visual areas. Importantly, in our task, perceptual and neural visual modulations occurred without any abrupt and salient onsets in the energy of the auditory stimulation and without any rhythmic structure in the visual stimulus. As such, the results provide a critical validation for the existence and functional role of cross-modal entrainment and demonstrates its utility for organising the perception of multisensory stimulation in the natural environment.Highlightscross-modal influences are mediated by the synchronisation of neural oscillationsvisual performance fluctuates in line with the phase of a frequency-modulated soundcross-modal entrainment of neural activity predicts fluctuation in visual performancecross-modal entrainment organises perception of multisensory stimuli


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Zheleznyak ◽  
Aixa Alarcon ◽  
Kevin C. Dieter ◽  
Duje Tadin ◽  
Geunyoung Yoon

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