Effects of the internal strain on the magnetic differential permeability and the stress sensitivity in Co/Cu multilayers

:Cell-based assays are an important part of the drug discovery process and clinical research. One of the main hurdles is to design sufficiently robust assays with adequate signal to noise parameters while maintaining the inherent physiology of the cells and not interfering with the pharmacology of target being investigated.:A plethora of assays that assess cell viability (or cell heath in general) are commercially available and can be classified under different categories according to their concepts and principle of reactions. The assays are valuable tools, however, suffer from a large number of limitations. Some of these limitations can be procedural or operational, but others can be critical as those related to a poor concept or the lack of proof of concept of an assay, e.g. those relying on differential permeability of dyes in-and-out of viable versus compromised cell membranes. While the assays can differentiate between dead and live cells, most, if not all, of them can just assess the relative performance of cells rather than providing a clear distinction between healthy and dying cells. The possible impact of relatively high molecular weight dyes, used in most of the assay, on cell viability has not been addressed. More innovative assays are needed, and until better alternatives are developed, setup of current cell-based studies and data interpretation should be made with the limitations in mind. Negative and positive control should be considered whenever feasible. Also, researchers should use more than one orthogonal method for better assessment of cell health.

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the stress sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris

New Phytologist ◽

10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00160.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 138 (4) ◽

pp. 663-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

S. A. POWER ◽

M. R. ASHMORE ◽

D. A. COUSINS ◽

L. J. SHEPPARD

Keyword(s):

Calluna Vulgaris ◽

Nitrogen Addition ◽

Stress Sensitivity

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An FYVE-Domain-Containing Protein, PsFP1, Is Involved in Vegetative Growth, Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Phytophthora sojae

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6601

Author(s):

Jinhui Zhang ◽

Xiaoran Du ◽

Xin Zhou ◽

Duo Jin ◽

Jianqiang Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Membrane Trafficking ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Genome Mining ◽

Gene Replacement ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Phytophthora Sojae ◽

Knock Out ◽

Fyve Domain

Proteins that contain the FYVE zinc-finger domain are recruited to PtdIns3P-containing membranes, participating in numerous biological processes such as membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal regulation, and receptor signaling. However, the genome-wide distribution, evolution, and biological functions of FYVE-containing proteins are rarely reported for oomycetes. By genome mining of Phytophthora sojae, two proteins (PsFP1 and PsFP2) with a combination of the FYVE domain and the PX domain (a major phosphoinositide binding module) were found. To clarify the functions of PsFP1 and PsFP2, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement system was used to knock out the two genes respectively. Only heterozygous deletion mutants of PsFP1 were recovered, and the expression level of PsFP1 in the heterozygous knockout transformants was significantly down-regulated. These PsFP1 mutants showed a decrease in mycelial growth and pathogenicity and were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. These phenotypes were recovered to the level of wild-type by overexpression PsFP1 gene in the PsFP1 heterozygous knockout transformant. In contrast, deletion of PsFP2 had no significant effect on vegetative growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, pathogenicity, or oxidative stress sensitivity. PsFP1 was primarily localized in vesicle-like structures and both the FYVE and PX domains are important for its localization. Overall, our results indicate that PsFP1 plays an important role in the vegetative growth and virulence of P. sojae.

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216 Thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows at different reproductive stages exposed to increasing ambient temperature

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 7-7

Author(s):

Betty R McConn ◽

Alan W Duttlinger ◽

Kouassi R Kpodo ◽

Jacob M Maskal ◽

Brianna N Gaskill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Respiratory Alkalosis ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Study Objective ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Pregnant sows, especially during late-gestation, may be susceptible to heat stress due to increased metabolic heat production and body mass. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows exposed to increasing ambient temperature (TA) at 3 reproductive stages. In 3 repetitions, 27 multiparous sows (parity 3.22±0.89) were individually housed and had jugular catheters placed 5.0±1.0 d prior to the experiment. To differentiate between reproductive stages, sows were categorized as open (not pregnant, n=9), mid-gestation (59.7±9.6 days pregnant, n=9), or late-gestation (99.0±4.8 days pregnant, n=9). During the experiment, sows were exposed to 6 consecutive 1 h periods of increasing TA (period 1, 14.39±2.14°C; period 2, 16.20±1.39°C; period 3, 22.09±1.87°C; period 4, 26.34±1.39°C; period 5, 30.56±0.81°C; period 6, 35.07±0.96°C), with 1 h transition phases in between each period. Respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and vaginal temperature (TV) were measured every 20 min and the mean was calculated for each period. At the end of each period, blood gases, leukocytes, and red blood cell counts were measured. Overall, RR and HR were greater (P≤0.04; 45.6% and 12.9%, respectively) in late-gestation versus mid-gestation sows. Compared to mid-gestation and open sows, TV tended to be greater (P=0.06) during period 4 (0.18°C and 0.29°C, respectively) and period 5 (0.14°C and 0.18°C, respectively) in late-gestation sows. Blood O2 increased (P< 0.01; 18.1%) for all sows with advancing period, regardless of reproductive stage. Late-gestation sows had reduced (P=0.02; 16.1%) blood CO2 compared to mid-gestation sows, regardless of period. In summary, late-gestation sows appear to be more sensitive to increasing TA as indicated by increased RR, HR, TV, and blood O2, and reduced blood CO2 when compared to mid-gestation or open sows. This change in O2 and CO2, due to increasing RR and heat stress sensitivity of late-gestation sows, may suggest an alteration to the acid-base balance, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

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