Coke-free dry reforming of model diesel fuel by a pulsed spark plasma at low temperatures using an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (27) ◽  
pp. 274004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Sekine ◽  
Naotsugu Furukawa ◽  
Masahiko Matsukata ◽  
Eiichi Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Model Diesel ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Optimization of a diesel engine calibration for operating with a residual glycerol-derived biofuel

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741989153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magín Lapuerta ◽  
Ángel Ramos ◽  
Sara Rubio ◽  
Carles Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Calibration ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

The new European directive for the promotion of renewable energy mandates an increase in the share of advanced and waste-based biofuels in the transport sector. In this study, an advanced glycerol-derived biofuel was used as a component of a ternary blend, denoted as o·bio®. This blend included 27.4 %v/v of fatty acid glycerol formal ester, 69.6 %v/v of fatty acid methyl ester and 3 %v/v of acetals obtained as a by-product of the fatty acid glycerol formal ester production process (which were proved to improve cold-flow properties). Finally, o·bio® was blended with diesel fuel at a content of 20 %v/v. Two operating conditions based on usual driving modes were selected, where the engine calibration could be re-optimized after the change of fuel, corresponding to vehicle velocities of 50 and 70 km/h. Since the main effect of the blend used is to reduce particulate matter emissions, exhaust gas recirculation was increased and injection was delayed, so that the initial benefits in particulate matter emissions could be re-distributed into benefits in both particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. From a combined analysis of the particulate matter–NOx trade-off and trying to limit the negative effect of delaying injection on fuel consumption, the final proposal was to set an additional 6% exhaust gas recirculation at 50 km/h and an additional 3% exhaust gas recirculation at 70 km/h, while delaying injection 2 °CA after top dead center at both vehicle operating conditions with respect to the original calibration. The use of the blend along with the optimization of the engine calibration is expected to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 50% with a vehicle speed condition of 50 km/h and to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 30% and 40% at 70 km/h with respect to diesel fuel emissions.

Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel/n-Amyl Alcohol Blends with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ramachander J ◽  
Santhosh Kumar Gugulothu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Abstract Biofuels are considered as one of the best viable and inexhaustible alternatives to conventional diesel fuel. Alcohols have become very important and popular in the present scenario due to their peculiar fuel properties and production nature. This study examines the effect of n-amyl alcohol and exhaust gas recirculation of 10% and 20% on various engine characteristics of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) compression ignition engine. The proportion of n-amyl alcohol varies from 5% to 25% in 5% step (by volume). The obtained results show that diesel/n-amyl alcohol blends decrease the mean gas temperature and cylinder pressure, which is 1.88% and 4.25% less at 75% load for n-amyl alcohol (25%) with conventional diesel fuel. The duration of combustion has shown a hike of 4.66°CA for 25% n-amyl alcohol (at 75% load) compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, the cumulative heat release rate improved by 12.95% higher for 25% n-amyl alcohol at 75% load, the reason for the same is due to the extended delay in ignition. While n-amyl alcohol was used, the emission of nitrogen oxide emissions decreased considerably. However, the hydrocarbon (HC) (7-9%) and carbon monoxide (CO) (6-8%) emissions are increased due to inferior fuel properties like high latent heat evaporation of n-amyl alcohol. Compared with other blends, n-amyl alcohol (5%) produced results comparable to conventional diesel fuel, which is 3.6% higher in BSFC, 2.37 % higher BTE, and 33.33% higher CO emissions 18.18% more in HC emission, and 17.55% less NOx emission. Without further modification, we can use 25% n-amyl alcohol in the combustion ignition engines. From this evidence, we can summarize that n-amyl alcohol is a biofuel that is both renewable and sustainable, and also it considerably reduces harmful nitrogen oxide emissions. The performance, if needed, can be improved by changing the parameters of the engine.

Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel operated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Loganathan ◽  
A. Velmurugan ◽  
Tom Page ◽  
E. James Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Tamilarasan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Analysis ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Evaluation of the Influence of 1,4-Dioxane and Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance and Emission Values of a Diesel Engine Fuelled With Low Viscous Biofuel Blend

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebin Samuel Panithasan ◽  
Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The world greatly relies on the usage of liquid fuels for its energy needs, especially in the transportation sector, which is very high in developing countries. In countries like India, diesel fuel is mainly used for all its transportation requirements (considering its higher efficiency), leading to higher pollution. Many kinds of research works are conducted to find a replacement for diesel fuel. In which biodiesel is considered to be a potential replacement for diesel. However, the challenges like higher viscosity, lower calorific value, higher NOx emission stands as a huge barrier. To overcome this, this study proposes using a low viscous biofuel, which has a higher calorific value close to diesel. To reduce NOx emission, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technique is used in this study. A single-cylinder, constant speed, water-cooled stationary engine setup is used for this study. 20% of pine oil is blended with diesel, and 10ml of 1,4, dioxane additive is added. These blends are tested in the engine for different load conditions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) with and without 10% EGR. The results showed that pine oil usage negatively affected the performance characters but significantly reduced CO, HC, and Smoke emissions (15.94, 17.04 and 2.47% respectively). The 10ml of 1,4, dioxane further enhanced this reduction (32.61, 28.15 and 4.36% respectively). The 10% EGR usage negatively affected both performance and emission characters, but it reduced NOx emissions significantly (11.53%). This study provides an integrated way to overcome the challenges seen in biodiesel usage with a low viscous biofuel and exhaust gas recirculation technique.

Combustion of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil in a Diesel Engine: Sensitivity to Split Injection Strategy and Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mikulski ◽  
Jacek Hunicz ◽  
Aneesh Vasudev ◽  
Arkadiusz Rybak ◽  
Michał Gęca
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Soot Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract This work explores the potential to optimize advanced common-rail engines for operation with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). The single-cylinder engine research focuses on adjusting the injection strategy and external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to achieve the optimum performance-emissions trade-off using HVO. The engine is operated at a fixed rotational speed of 2000 rpm and under constant load (net indicated mean effective pressure of 0.45 MPa). Split fuel-injection strategy is used: main injection timing is fixed but pilot injection is varied both in terms of timing and quantity. The engine tests, without turbocharging, are conducted under non-EGR conditions and using approximately 27% EGR rate. Results with HVO are compared with results when using diesel fuel. Within the constraints of a single, representative operating point, the results highlight that when using the factory map-based injection strategy, HVO offers soot emissions below 0.015 g/kWh, a 50% reduction when compared to diesel fuel. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions at the same conditions are, however, 10% higher than for diesel fuel. That correlates with higher peak in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Advancing the pilot HVO injection reduced NOx emissions to the level of the diesel baseline, and although soot emissions increased, they remained 25% lower than with diesel. Interestingly, the two tested fuels exhibited very different responses to EGR. Generally, at 27% EGR, HVO produced twice as much soot as diesel. The heat release analysis indicates this sensitivity to EGR stems from HVO’s higher cetane number causing faster auto-ignition, resulting in less premixed combustion and hence producing more soot. Generally, HVO offered more complete combustion than diesel fuel. Regardless of pilot fuel injection strategy, CO emission was reduced by approximately 50% with HVO for both EGR and non-EGR conditions. HVO also benefits emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, in terms of both total values and also unlegislated aldehydes and aromatics.

Advantages of using a cooler bypass in the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation line of a compression ignition diesel engine operating at cold conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091472
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Vicente Dolz ◽  
Javier Monsalve-Serrano ◽  
Miguel Angel Bernal Maldonado ◽  
Laurent Odillard
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Gas Recirculation

The low efficiency of the after-treatment systems during the cold start period of the internal combustion engines leads to excessive pollutant emissions levels. To reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions at these conditions, it could be necessary to use the high- and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation strategies, even operating at low temperatures. This article evaluates the impact of using a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation cooler bypass in a Euro 6 turbocharged diesel engine running under cold conditions (–7 °C). A new compact line fitted with a bypass system for the cooler is used with the aim of accelerating the engine warm-up process as compared to the original low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation line. The system is evaluated following two strategies, first performing exhaust gas recirculation without bypass and then performing exhaust gas recirculation bypassing the cooler. The results show that the activation the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation from the engine cold start leads to a significant nitrogen oxide emissions reduction. Moreover, the bypass activation leads to increase the engine intake temperature, reducing the engine warm-up time and the CO emissions due to better combustion efficiency. However, the activation of the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation at low temperatures could produce condensation and fouling deposits on the engine components affecting their life span. These phenomena are visualized using endoscope cameras in order to identify the condensation time and the final conditions of the elements. In addition, a chemical analysis of some condensates collected during the experiments and a comparison versus other species found in the literature is presented.

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