Brownian Ratchet Driven by a Rocking Forcing with Broken Temporal Symmetry

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Liu Feng-Zhi ◽  
Li Xiao-Wen ◽  
Zheng Zhi-Gang
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Ratchet ◽  
Temporal Symmetry

scholarly journals Treadmilling FtsZ polymers drive the directional movement of sPG-synthesis enzymes via a Brownian ratchet mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W. McCausland ◽  
Xinxing Yang ◽  
Georgia R. Squyres ◽  
Zhixin Lyu ◽  
Kevin E. Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Brownian Ratchet ◽  
Ratchet Mechanism ◽  
Directional Movement

AbstractThe FtsZ protein is a central component of the bacterial cell division machinery. It polymerizes at mid-cell and recruits more than 30 proteins to assemble into a macromolecular complex to direct cell wall constriction. FtsZ polymers exhibit treadmilling dynamics, driving the processive movement of enzymes that synthesize septal peptidoglycan (sPG). Here, we combine theoretical modelling with single-molecule imaging of live bacterial cells to show that FtsZ’s treadmilling drives the directional movement of sPG enzymes via a Brownian ratchet mechanism. The processivity of the directional movement depends on the binding potential between FtsZ and the sPG enzyme, and on a balance between the enzyme’s diffusion and FtsZ’s treadmilling speed. We propose that this interplay may provide a mechanism to control the spatiotemporal distribution of active sPG enzymes, explaining the distinct roles of FtsZ treadmilling in modulating cell wall constriction rate observed in different bacteria.

scholarly journals Probing the jets of blazars using the temporal symmetry of their multiwavelength outbursts

2018 ◽  
Vol 482 (1) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Roy ◽  
Ritaban Chatterjee ◽  
Manasvita Joshi ◽  
Aritra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Symmetry

scholarly journals Disrupting the spatio-temporal symmetry of the electron dynamics in atmospheric pressure plasmas by voltage waveform tailoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 01LT01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R Gibson ◽  
Zoltán Donkó ◽  
Layla Alelyani ◽  
Lena Bischoff ◽  
Gerrit Hübner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Symmetry

scholarly journals STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN A BROWNIAN RATCHET

2001 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. L239-L244 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW ALLISON ◽  
DEREK ABBOTT
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Brownian Ratchet ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Brownian Ratchets ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Physical Principles

We present evidence to support the idea that Stochastic Resonance (SR) and Brownian Ratchets (BR) share underlying physical principles. We examine the special case of a discrete-time ratchet, called Parrondo's games, and show that the addition of noise increases the rate of flow in the ratchet up to a certain point, after which the addition of further noise causes the rate of flow of decrease. We argue that the rate of flow of particles in a BR is analogous to the rate of flow of information in the case of SR.

scholarly journals Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation Using Cellular Automata-Based Motion Vector Smoothing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Ying Yin ◽  
Fengyuan Sun ◽  
Yanling Li ◽  
Lei You
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Motion Vector ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Frame Interpolation ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation ◽  
Motion Vector Field ◽  
The Common ◽  
Temporal Symmetry

Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation (MCFI) is one of the common temporal-domain tamper operations, and it is used to produce faked video frames for improving the visual qualities of video sequences. The instability of temporal symmetry results in many incorrect Motion Vectors (MVs) for Bidirectional Motion Estimation (BME) in MCFI. The existing Motion Vector Smoothing (MVS) works often oversmooth or revise correct MVs as wrong ones. To overcome this problem, we propose a Cellular Automata-based MVS (CA-MVS) algorithm to smooth the Motion Vector Field (MVF) output by BME. In our work, a cellular automaton is constructed to deduce MV outliers according to a defined local evolution rule. By performing CA-based evolution in a loop iteration, we gradually expose MV outliers and reduce incorrect MVs resulting from oversmoothing as many as possible. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy of BME and provide better objective and subjective interpolation qualities when compared with the traditional MVS algorithms.

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