The essence of light

<p>In the process of exploring the essence of light, Newton initially agreed with the particle interpretation of light while Huygens argued for the wave theory. Hence, these two theories had been disputed in Newton's time. In the beginning people accepted the particle theory, but after Thomas Young's experiment and Augustin Jean Fresnel's experiment, people began to accept the wave theory. Until Einstein proposed the quanta concept, which was later called photon, and, even later, De Broglie proposed the wave nature of matter, subsequently, people began using particle-wave duality to explicate all phenomena in micro world. Thus here appears a paradox: how can one particle exist in two forms? To solve this enigma, I have done some experiments; discover that moving photons create force; this effect reveal the phenomenon of light wave property - the inference fringes is caused by force which moving photons produced. The essence of light is particle but not particle-wave duality.<b></b></p>

The essence of light

<p>In the process of exploring the essence of light, Newton initially agreed with the particle interpretation of light while Huygens argued for the wave theory. Hence, these two theories had been disputed in Newton's time. In the beginning people accepted the particle theory, but after Thomas Young's experiment and Augustin Jean Fresnel's experiment, people began to accept the wave theory. Until Einstein proposed the quanta concept, which was later called photon, and, even later, De Broglie proposed the wave nature of matter, subsequently, people began using particle-wave duality to explicate all phenomena in micro world. Thus here appears a paradox: how can one particle exist in two forms? To solve this enigma, I have done some experiments; discover that moving photons create force; this effect reveal the phenomenon of light wave property - the inference fringes is caused by force which moving photons produced. The essence of light is particle but not particle-wave duality.<b></b></p>

Additional baryons and mesons

In a particle theory model whose most readily discovered new particle is the [Formula: see text] TeV bilepton resonance in same-sign leptons, currently being sought at CERN’s LHC, there exist three quarks [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] which will be bound by QCD into baryons and mesons. We consider the decays of these additional baryons and mesons whose detailed experimental study will be beyond the reach of the 14 TeV CERN collider and accessible only at an O(100 TeV) collider.

DNA topology dictates strength and flocculation in DNA-microtubule composites

Polymer composites are ubiquitous in biology and industry alike, owing to their emergent desirable mechanical properties not attainable in single-species systems. At the same time, polymer topology has been shown to play a key role in tuning the rheology of polymeric fluids. However, how topology impacts the rheology of composites remains poorly understood. Here, we create composites of rigid rods (microtubules) polymerized within entangled solutions of flexible linear and ring polymers (DNA). We couple linear and nonlinear optical tweezers microrheology with confocal microscopy and scaled particle theory to show that composites of linear DNA and microtubules exhibit a strongly non-monotonic dependence of elasticity and stiffness on microtubule concentration due to depletion-driven polymerization and flocculation of microtubules. In contrast, composites of ring DNA and microtubules show a much more modest monotonic increase in elastic strength with microtubule concentration, which we demonstrate arises from the increased ability of rings to mix with microtubules.

Particle Theory: A New Theory That May Reconcile General Relativity and Quantum Theory

In an attempt to reconcile General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, Particle Theory is a concept that may try to address this issue. This theory explains the effects accurately calculated by General Relativity in an alternate and real, physical way, and is therefore an alternative to GR. The theory states that indivisible atomic particles are instead divided into even smaller particles (called “EM particles”) held together by a central potential, the speed of light being the limit to their velocities. The “shedding” of these particles are responsible for the static and magnetic fields we observe. This also creates a “screening” effect that, for an atomic particle at rest, blocks about half of what this theory defines as the “true gravitational potential”, which is just twice the Newtonian value (mediated by what this theory defines as “gravity particles”). When an atomic system of particles starts moving in a certain direction, the act of shedding and the internal movement decreases as the particles orient themselves in the direction of the velocity, which reduces the screening effect, where we start to observe the relativistic effects of General (and Special) Relativity.

Primordial intermediate mass black holes as dark matter

Among particle theory candidates for the dark matter constituents. Axions and WIMPs are the most popular. In this paper, we discuss these then focus on our preferred astrophysical candidate, the Primordial Intermediate Mass Black Holes in the acronym DM[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]PIMBHs. The earliest experimental confirmation may come from microlensing of the Magellanic Clouds at the LSST 8 m telescope in the mid-2020s, or possibly a few years earlier in 2021 from work being pursued, using DECam data from the smaller Blanco 4 m telescope, at LLNL.