Saturable Nonlinearity in Photovoltaic-Photorefractive Crystals Under Open-circuit Condition

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 804-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Ru ◽  
Ling Zhen-Fang ◽  
Chen Xiao-Hu ◽  
Zhang Guo-Quan ◽  
Zhang Xin-Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photorefractive Crystals ◽  
Saturable Nonlinearity ◽  
Open Circuit Condition

Photovoltaic saturable nonlinearity in 2D in photorefractive crystals

2000 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Guo ◽  
Zhenfang Ling ◽  
Simin Liu ◽  
Jingjun Xu ◽  
Xingzheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photorefractive Crystals ◽  
Saturable Nonlinearity

Pathways of ion movement in the canine tracheal epithelium

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. F215-F221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Welsh ◽  
J. H. Widdicombe
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit ◽  
Paracellular Pathway ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Ion Movement ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Transepithelial Voltage ◽  
Unidirectional Fluxes ◽  
Open Circuit Condition ◽  
Hydrophilic Molecule ◽  
Cl Permeability

The pathways of ion movement across canine tracheal epithelium, a Cl-secreting tissue, were examined by three techniques. First, the measurement of simultaneous, unidirectional fluxes of Na or Cl and mannitol, a large hydrophilic molecule that serves as a marker of the paracellular pathway, indicated that a significant fraction of both the Na flux from submucosa to mucosa (J Na sm) and the flux of Cl from mucosa to submucosa (J Cl ms) traverse the cellular pathway. The ratio of the Na-to-Cl diffusion coefficients through the paracellular pathway was 0.23, in contrast to the free solution ratio of 0.63. Second, in voltage-clamp experiments we examined the effect of transepithelial voltage differences on the unidirectional fluxes of Na and Cl. The results agree with the previous findings, suggesting that there are voltage-independent, or transcellular, backfluxes of Na and Cl, and that the relative permeability of Na to Cl through the voltage-dependent (presumably paracellular) pathway was 0.28. Third, measurement of transepithelial diffusion potentials gave a Na-to-Cl permeability ratio of 0.31 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE). These results suggest that there are significant transcellular backfluxes of Na and Cl and that the paracellular pathway in the canine trachea is anion selective. An anion-selective pathway would tend to shunt the secreted Cl back through the paracellular pathway, thus minimizing the net ion and fluid movement across the tissue in the open-circuit condition.

scholarly journals Experimental Research on Power Transformer Vibration Distribution under Different Winding Defect Conditions

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Yiwei Hu ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Hai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Transformer Winding ◽  
Faults Diagnosis ◽  
Open Circuit Condition

Vibration analysis is one of the important tools for the transformer winding faults diagnosis. Previous researchers have proved that the vibration spatial distribution of the winding is significantly influenced by the winding defects for the open circuit condition. In order to study the effects of the loading current on the winding vibrations under different mechanical conditions, experiments were designed and operated on a three-phase transformer winding to analyze the winding vibration distribution under different winding defect cases. Further, to study to what extent the mechanical defects and the loading current influence characteristics of the vibration distribution on the tank, the tank vibration distribution under various winding defects and different loading currents were also measured and discussed. In addition, the possibility of detection of transformer winding faults based on tank vibration spatial distribution characteristics was also discussed.

Manufacture and Experimental Investigation of a Multi-Layer Generator Based on Dielectric Elastomer

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1336-1341
Author(s):  
Xue Jing Liu ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Yong Quan Wang ◽  
Shu Hai Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Open Circuit Condition ◽  
Constant Charge

As a member of Electroactive Polymers (EAPs), dielectric elastomer (DE) has shown considerable potential for energy harvesting applications. After the basic principle of DE energy harvesting is studied, a multi-layer DE generator using VHB 4910 (3M, USA) is specially designed and fabricated. Then, an improved energy harvesting circuit is designed to make use of harvested electrical energy. Finally, energy harvesting experiments are implemented under the constant charge (open-circuit) condition and the results prove that the multi-layer DE generator fabricated can produce enough energy to constantly drive a light emitting diode. The harvested electrical energy has good consistent with generated electrical energy and the maximum energy harvesting efficiency ηh can reach 89%.

Magnetohydrodynamic Effects in Composite Bearings

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Hartmann Number ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Slider Bearing ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Open Circuit Condition ◽  
Composite Bearing

A theoretical analysis is made of a composite slider bearing using an electrically conducting lubricant such as a liquid metal in the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the bearing surfaces. Two solutions are presented for large and small values of Hartmann number. It is found that for large Hartmann number significant increase in load capacity can be obtained even under open circuit condition. Short circuit condition results in zero load capacity, under the approximation considered. At small Hartmann number only a slight increase occurs under open circuit condition and external power must be supplied to get a significant increase. It is seen that a magnetohydrodynamic composite bearing does not always give an increase in load capacity as compared to an equivalent inclined slider bearing, as is the case with classical composite bearing. There is a critical Hartmann number depending on the parameters of the problem, above which MHD effects reduce the load capacity as compared to the case of an equivalent inclined slider bearing. It is also observed that the frictional drag on the bearing can be made zero by supplying electrical energy through the electrodes to the fluid.

scholarly journals SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α Compounded with NaCl-KCl as a Composite Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Shi ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wenli Hu ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Hongtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Open Circuit Condition ◽  
Electrolyte Resistance

SrCeO3 and SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α were synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction method using Sm2O3, SrCO3, CeO2 as precursors, then the SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α-NaCl-KCl composite electrolyte was fabricated by compounding SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α with NaCl-KCl and sintering it at a lower temperature (750 °C) than that of a single SrCeO3 material (1540 °C). The phase and microstructure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivities of the samples were measured in dry nitrogen atmosphere using electrochemical analyzer. The conductivities of the SrCeO3, SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α and SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α-NaCl-KCl at 700 °C were 2.09 × 10−5 S·cm−1, 1.82 × 10−3 S·cm−1 and 1.43 × 10−1 S·cm−1 respectively. The conductivities of SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α-NaCl-KCl composite electrolyte are four orders of magnitude higher than those of SrCeO3 and two orders of magnitude higher than those of SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α. The result of logσ ~ logpO2 plot indicates that SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α-NaCl-KCl is almost a pure ionic conductor. The electrolyte resistance and the polarization resistance of the H2/O2 fuel cell based on SrCe0.9Sm0.1O3-α-NaCl-KCl composite electrolyte under open-circuit condition were 1.0 Ω·cm2 and 0.2 Ω·cm2 respectively. Further, the obtained maximum power density at 700 °C was 182 mW·cm−2.

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