Modelling and Simulation of Light and Temperature Efficient Interdigitated Back- Surface-Contact Solar Cell with 28.81% Efficiency Rate

Back-contact solar cells improve optical properties by moving all electrically conducting parts to the back of the cell. The cell's structure allows silicon solar cells to surpass the 25% efficiency barrier and interdigitated solar cells are now the most efficient. In this work, the fabrication of a light efficient and temperature resistant interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is investigated. This form of solar cell differs from conventional solar cell in that the electrodes are located at the back of the cell, eliminating the need for grids on the top, allowing the full surface area of the cell to receive sunlight, resulting in increased efficiency. In this project, we will use SILVACO TCAD, an optoelectronic device simulator, to construct a very thin solar cell with dimensions of 100x250um in 2D Luminous. The influence of sunlight intensity and atmospheric temperature on solar cell output power is highly essential and it has been explored in this work. The cell's optimum performance with 150um bulk thickness provides 28.81% efficiency with 87.68% fill factor rate making it very thin, flexible and resilient providing diverse operational capabilities.

Modelling and Simulation of Light and Temperature Efficient Interdigitated Back- Surface-Contact Solar Cell with 28.81% Efficiency Rate

Back-contact solar cells improve optical properties by moving all electrically conducting parts to the back of the cell. The cell's structure allows silicon solar cells to surpass the 25% efficiency barrier and interdigitated solar cells are now the most efficient. In this work, the fabrication of a light efficient and temperature resistant interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is investigated. This form of solar cell differs from conventional solar cell in that the electrodes are located at the back of the cell, eliminating the need for grids on the top, allowing the full surface area of the cell to receive sunlight, resulting in increased efficiency. In this project, we will use SILVACO TCAD, an optoelectronic device simulator, to construct a very thin solar cell with dimensions of 100x250um in 2D Luminous. The influence of sunlight intensity and atmospheric temperature on solar cell output power is highly essential and it has been explored in this work. The cell's optimum performance with 150um bulk thickness provides 28.81% efficiency with 87.68% fill factor rate making it very thin, flexible and resilient providing diverse operational capabilities.

Peristaltic flow of electrically conducting nanofluid under the action of Joule and radiative heat within an asymmetric microchannel

The proposed mathematical model is based upon the peristaltic flow of an electrical conducting nanofluid within an asymmetric microchannel. The flow takes place under the action of dissipative heat energy due to the occurrence of the magnetic field that is basically known as Joule heating and radiative heat proposed as thermal radiation along with the additional heat source. Moreover, the impact of upper/lower wall zeta potential and the expression for the electric potential is presented using the Poisson Boltzmann equation and Debey length approximation. The well-known numerical practice is used for distorted governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Further, computation of the pressure gradient is obtained for the associated physical parameters. The graphical illustration shows the characteristics of the pertinent parameters on the flow problem and the tabular result represents the simulated values for the rate coefficients. In the significant examination, the study reveals that the mobility parameter due to the occurrence of the electric field vis-à-vis time parameter encourages the velocity distribution within the center of the channel furthermore significant retardation occurs near the wall region.

In situ polymerization monitoring of a diacrylate in an electrically conducting mesoporous nanoparticle scaffold

The properties of nanoparticle–polymer composites strongly depend on the network structure of the polymer matrix. By introducing nanoparticles into a monomer (solution) and subsequently polymerizing it, the formation of the polymer phase influences the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the composite. In this study, semi-conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were prepared to form a rigid nanoparticle scaffold in which 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), together with an initiator for photo-polymerization, was infiltrated and subsequently polymerized by UV light. During this process, the polymerization reaction was characterized using rapid scan Kubelka–Munk FT-IR spectroscopy and compared to bulk HDDA. The conductivity change of the ITO nanoparticles was monitored and correlated with the polymerization process. It was revealed that the reaction rates of the radical initiation and chain propagation are reduced when cured inside the voids of the nanoparticle scaffold. The degree of conversion is lower for HDDA infiltrated into the mesoporous ITO nanoparticle scaffold compared to purely bulk-polymerized HDDA. Graphical abstract

Rayleigh-Type Waves in a Rotating Fiber-Reinforced Half Space under the Action of Magnetic Field, Gravity and Surface Stress

The aim of the present article is to analyze the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a rotating fiber-reinforced electrically conducting elastic solid medium under the influence of surface stress, magnetic field and gravity. The magnetic field is applied in such a direction that the problem can be considered as a two dimensional one. The wave velocity equation for Rayleigh waves has been obtained. In the absence of gravity field, surface stress, rotation and fiberreinforcement, the frequency equation is in complete agreement with the corresponding classical results. The effects on various subjects of interest are discussed and shown graphically. Comparisons are made with the corresponding results in absence of surface stress

Heat source and sink effects on periodic mixed convection flow along the electrically conducting cone inserted in porous medium

The system of partial differential equations governing the unsteady hydromagnetic boundary-layer flow along an electrically conducting cone embedded in porous medium in the presence of thermal buoyancy, magnetic field, heat source and sink effects are formulated. These equations are solved numerically by using an implicit Finite-Difference Method. The effects of the various parameters that are source/sink parameter, porous medium parameter, Prandtl number, mixed convection parameter and magnetic Prandtl number on the velocity, temperature profiles, transverse magnetic field are predicted. The effects of heat source and sink parameter on the time-mean value as well as on transient skin friction; heat transfer and current density rate are delineated especially in each plot. The extensive results reveal the existence of periodicity and show that periodicity becomes more distinctive for source and sink in the case of the electrically conducting cone. As the source and sink contrast increases, the periodic convective motion is invigorated to the amplitude and phase angle as reflect in the each plot. The dimensionless forms of the set of partial differential equations is transform into primitive form by using primitive variable formulation and then are solved numerically by using Finite Difference Scheme which has given in literature frequently. Physical interpretations of the overall flow and heat transfer along with current density are highlighted with detail in results and discussion section. The main novelty of the obtained numerical results is that first we retain numerical results for steady part and then used in unsteady part to obtain transient skin friction, rate of heat transfer and current density. The intensity of velocity profile is increased for increasing values of porosity parameter Ω, the temperature and mass concentration intensities are reduced due heat source effects.

Induction Heating for Variably Sized Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Materials through Load Modulation

Induction heating (IH) is a process of heating the electrically conducting materials especially ferromagnetic materials with the help of electromagnetic induction through generating heat in an object by eddy currents. A well-entrenched way of IH is to design a heating system pertaining to the usage of ferromagnetic materials such as stainless steel, iron, etc., which restricts the end user’s choice of using utensils made of ferromagnetic only. This research article proposes a new scheme of induction heating that is equally effective for heating ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials such as aluminium and copper. This is achieved by having a competent IH system that embodies a series resonant inverter and controller where a competent flexible load modulation (FLM) is deployed. FLM facilitates change in operating frequency in accordance with the type of material chosen for heating. The recent attempts by researchers on all metal IH have not addressed much on the variable shapes and sizes of the material, whereas this research attempts to address that issue as well. The proposed induction heating system is verified for a 2 kW system and is compatible with both industrial and domestic applications.

Toward full simulations for a liquid metal blanket. Part 2: Computations of MHD flows with volumetric heating for a PbLi blanket prototype at Ha~104 and Gr~1012

On the pathway toward full simulations for a liquid metal blanket, this Part 2 extends a previous study of purely MHD flows in a DCLL blanket in Ref. 1 [Chen, L., Smolentsev, S., and Ni, M. J. (2020)] to more general conditions when the MHD flow is coupled with heat transfer. The simulated prototypic blanket module includes all components of a real liquid metal blanket system, such as supply ducts, inlet and outlet manifolds, multiple poloidal ducts and a U-turn zone. Volumetric heating generated by fusion neutrons is added to simulate thermal effects in the flowing PbLi breeder. The MHD flow equations and the energy equation are solved with a DNS-type finite-volume code “MHD-UCAS” on a very fine mesh of 470×10^6 cells. The applied magnetic field is 5 T (Hartmann number Ha~10^4), the PbLi velocity in the poloidal ducts is 10 cm/s (Reynolds number Re~10^5), whereas the maximum volumetric heating is 30 MW/m^3 (Grashof number Gr~10^12). Four cases have been simulated, including forced- and mixed-convection flows, and either an electrically conducting or insulating blanket structure. Various comparisons are made between the four computed cases and also against the purely MHD flows computed earlier in Ref. \cite{1} with regards to the (1) MHD pressure drop, (2) flow balancing, (3) temperature field, (4) flows in particular blanket components, and (5) 3D and turbulent flow effects. The strongest buoyancy effects were found in the poloidal ducts. In the electrically non- conducting blanket, the buoyancy forces lead to significant modifications of the flow structure, such as formation of reverse flows, whereas their effect on the MHD pressure drop is relatively small. In the electrically conducting blanket case, the buoyancy effects on the flow and MHD pressure drop are almost negligible.