In recent years, more notice has been given to the fact that the energy loss spectra of fast electrons transmitted through thin specimens may be employed to analyze their composition (e.g. refs. 1,2). A program to explore the usefulness of energy loss spectra (with a STEM) in identifying the components of biological membranes has been initiated.One would like to scan, for example, over an intact membrane surface and analyze, point by point, the composition. However, some preliminary studies are necessary: First, the energy loss spectra of each major membrane component must be determined; second, the change in these spectra with beam dose must be found, since damage may be a problem as resolution (and therefore dose) is increased; third, a practical scheme of obtaining point-bypoint data (i.e., pictures that relate composition to contrast) must be devised.