The role of empathy in ethics of radiological protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedo Zölzer ◽  
Neysan Zölzer
Keyword(s):  
Design And Technology ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Education Design ◽  
Procedural Values ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Icrp Publication

Abstract Radiological protection is often considered a matter of scientific and technological facts only, not of value judgements. This perception is now gradually changing, especially with ICRP Publication 138, which addressed the ethical foundation of the system of radiological protection. It identified values which have guided the Commission’s recommendations over the decades, but have not always been made explicit. Four core values are discussed (beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice, dignity) as well as three procedural values (accountability, transparency, inclusivity). The latter are considered critical to the practical implementation of the system of radiological protection. Here we are exploring empathy as a procedural values complementing the three identified in ICRP Publication 138. Empathy can be defined as the “capability (or disposition) to immerse oneself in and to reflect upon the experiences, perspectives and contexts of others”. It is often understood as a skill that one either has or has not, but research has shown it can be taught and therefore can be required as an attitude of those working in health care, education, design, and technology. We suggest it is an essential prerequisite to the assessment and management of any radiological situation and the health problems accruing from it. The concerns of people affected, their needs and wishes need to be taken seriously from the very beginning of any decision-making process. Even if they are considered unfounded and exaggerated, the insights they provide will be valuable for the understanding of the overall situation. Without empathy, our practice of beneficence and non-maleficence as well as solidarity would be oddly limited.

scholarly journals Engaging health professionals and patients in the medical field: role of radiological protection culture and informed consent practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S235-S242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schieber ◽  
C. Pölzl-Viol ◽  
M.-C. Cantone ◽  
N. Železnik ◽  
S. Economides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Medical Exposure ◽  
The Moment

In medical exposure situations, the significant role of and the need to improve the benefit/risk dialogue between health professionals, patients and other stakeholders are well recognized. This paper analyses stakeholder engagement processes in various medical applications of ionising radiation. It addresses the role and potential benefit of radiological protection (RP) culture for health professionals and the issues associated with the practical implementation of informed consent processes. The paper highlights the need to develop RP culture among health professionals to facilitate dialogue between practitioners and patients and to foster the implementation of the principles of radiological protection. It argues that patients’ participation can be enhanced by creating spaces and opportunities for dialogue between patients and the relevant medical professionals, both before the implementation of medical procedures using ionising radiation, particularly at the moment of referral, as well as after these procedures. Risk communication training for medical professionals and their closer collaboration on this topic may enhance the dialogue with patients.

The Expanding Role of Echocardiography in Interventional Cardiology

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A Smith ◽  
Amit Bhan ◽  
Mark J Monaghan ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Procedures ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team Approach ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Optimal Imaging

Echocardiography provides excellent realtime imaging of the heart, making it the imaging modality of choice immediately before, during and after cardiac interventional procedures. It helps to guide case selection and execution of the intervention, evaluates the effects of the intervention and enables early detection of complications. Advances in the design and technology of medical devices and delivery systems, coupled with demand for alternative non-surgical therapies for common medical problems, have led to an increase in the volume, variety and complexity of non-coronary cardiac interventional procedures performed. Many of these procedures require a multidisciplinary team approach and demand optimal imaging to ensure successful outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the expanding role of echocardiography in non-coronary interventional cardiology in adults.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

History and Morality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Country ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Impact

Against majority opinion within his profession, Donald Bloxham argues that it is legitimate, often unavoidable, and frequently important for historians to make value judgements about the past. History and Morality draws on a wide range of historical examples, and its author’s insights as a practising historian. Examining concepts like impartiality, neutrality, contextualization, and the use and abuse of the idea of the past as a foreign country, Bloxham’s book investigates how the discipline has got to the point where what is preached can be so inconsistent with what is practised. It illuminates how far tacit moral judgements infuse works of history, and how strange those histories would look if the judgements were removed. Bloxham argues that rather than trying to eradicate all judgemental elements from their work historians need to think more consistently about how, and with what justification, they make the judgements that they do. The importance of all this lies not just in the responsibilities that historians bear towards the past—responsibilities to take historical actors on those actors’ own terms and to portray the impact of those actors’ deeds—but also in the role of history as a source of identity, pride, and shame in the present. The account of moral thought in History and Morality has ramifications far beyond the activities of vocational historians.

Was tut ein Geschichtsschreiber?

Philologus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-2689
Author(s):  
Thomas Kuhn-Treichel
Keyword(s):  
First Case ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractLucian’s work De historia conscribenda not only presents reflections on how one should or should not write history, but also illustrates possible ways to represent the authorial activity of a historian (i. e. how one writes ‘metahistory’). In this, two basic forms can be distinguished, both of which can be understood from a narratological perspective as metalepses. In the first case, the historian is represented as the direct originator of the action; in the second he acts as a mere observer, but one who moves spatially in and with his action. Both forms of statement stand within traditions of motifs that can be traced from antiquity through to the modern era; yet Lucian nonetheless makes an innovative contribution by inscribing value judgements into the motifs. The result is the suggestion that the historian fulfils the role of observer, while the role of originator turns out to be more apt for the poet than for the historian. This permits far-reaching conclusions to be drawn about the conception of poetry and historiography as a whole.

The effectiveness of e-corporate governance: an exploratory study of internet voting at shareholders’ annual meetings in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-702
Author(s):  
Sonia Abdennadher ◽  
Walid Cheffi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internet Voting ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Governance Effectiveness ◽  
Voting System ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose E-corporate governance or the use of technologies and information systems (ISs) in corporate governance, is still a subject that is too seldom addressed in business research. This paper is at the intersection between two fields of research (corporate governance and the management of ISs), which are interdependent in ways that are still unexplored. The paper analyzes the implications of internet voting (IV) at shareholders’ annual meetings (SAM) for the corporate governance of listed companies in France, in particular for the relationship between executives and shareholders. Most of the studies that have dealt with IV at SAM have focused on techno-legal issues and were often conducted by business law researchers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of the new voting system through the prism of corporate governance. Design/methodology/approach The authors proceeded by triangulation of methods. This qualitative study is based on observations, interviews and documentary analysis. It assessed the IV implications for both the issuing companies and the shareholders. Findings The new voting system brings undeniable competitive advantage to the issuing company and facilitates shareholders’ activism, yet it has serious risks both for the corporations and for certain categories of the shareholder. Interestingly, the authors propose an original and field-grounded typology that distinguishes the risks and benefits associated with IV in relation to executives’ attitudes. Social implications The paper shows that the resolving of identified deficiencies with IV development could contribute to the alignment of companies’ interests with those of shareholders. Moreover, the study calls for policymakers to appoint an official body to regulate the practical implementation of the new system and to prevent its dissemination being held hostage to the executives’ willingness. Originality/value An original aspect of this research lies in the effective operationalization of the constructs of corporate governance effectiveness with a view to examining corporate governance as a set of technologically mediated practices. Moreover, this study emphasizes the key role of the construct of “executives’ willingness” in facilitating/impeding IV diffusion. This underlies their attempts to reverse the corporate governance relationship.

The Role of Human Resource Management in Agriculture Sector Enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 378-400
Author(s):  
Nemanja Berber ◽  
Agneš Slavić
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Agribusiness firms are faced with several challenges like globalization, internationalization of business, the introduction of new technologies, especially the digitalization process, higher competitiveness of foreign agribusiness firms, etc. One of the very important challenges is the effective management of human capital. Although it is one of the most important management activities in each firm, human resource management (HRM) in the agribusiness sector is still unexplored in terms of scientific research and practical implementation. This chapter explores the nature and specifics of human resources management in agribusiness enterprises, and presents the practice of the basic and most important HRM activities in agribusiness firms in Serbia, on the example of 12 organizations that were investigated. The methodology used in the research is based on a theoretical investigation of available literature and data from worldwide databases but also from Cranet project, one of the largest and well-known, world-wide HRM projects.

Like Someone You Know

2013 ◽  
pp. 272-294
Author(s):  
Peter Fadde ◽  
Lisa Peden
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Study Skills Course ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Center Director ◽  
Blended Course

The director of a university tutoring center collaborates with an Instructional Design and Technology professor and his students to develop an interactive multimedia format that presents at-risk college students with stories of people like them dealing with academic, financial, and personal issues. The scenario-based simulations (SBS) prompt students in a study skills course to openly, but safely, discuss the often sub-optimal decisions made by characters in the scenarios. This case takes readers inside the process of developing the SBS format from scratch. Transcribed interview comments from both the client (the tutoring center director) and the designer (the IDT professor) reveal an iterative and negotiated process rather than a systematic ADDIE process. The case highlights: 1) adapting corporate-style “soft skills” computer-based training (CBT) to higher education, 2) the role of CBT in a blended course, 3) rapid development of multimedia products, and 4) use testing of products with authentic learners.

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