Analysis of shower particle pseudorapidity spectra in interactions of relativistic Au and Pb ions with emulsion nuclei

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1095-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Z. Belashev ◽  
M. K. Suleymanov ◽  
S. Vokál ◽  
J. Vrláková ◽  
M. Ajaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shower Particle ◽  
Pb Ions

Fluctuations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wigmans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Shower Particle ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Instrumental Effects ◽  
Important Type ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electromagnetic Component

The energy resolution, i.e. the precision with which the energy of a showering particle can be measured, is one of the most important characteristics of a calorimeter. This resolution is determined by fluctuations in the absorption and signal formation processes. In this chapter, the different types of fluctuations that may play a role are examined, and their relative practical importance is addressed. Sources of fluctuations include fluctuations in the number of signal quanta, sampling fluctuations, fluctuations in shower leakage, as well as a variety of instrumental effects. Since the energy dependence of the different types of fluctuations is not the same, different types of fluctuations may dominate the energy resolution at low and and at high energies. An important type of fluctuations is part of the non-compensation phenomena. It concerns fluctuations in the strength of the electromagnetic component of hadronic showers. The effects of these fluctuations, which typically dominate the energy resolution for hadron and jet detection, are examined in detail. In sampling calorimeters, one particular shower particle may sometimes have catastrophic effects on the calorimeter performance. Several examples of such cases are discussed.

Remediation capacity of Cd and Pb ions by mycelia of Imleria badia, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Agaricus bisporus in vitro cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kryczyk ◽  
Joanna Piotrowska ◽  
Magdalena Sito ◽  
Katarzyna Sulkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Konrad Dobosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Laetiporus Sulphureus ◽  
Pb Ions

Effects of Alpha, Gamma, and Alpha-Recoil Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Defense High-Level Nuclear Waste

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned E. Bibler
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Geologic Storage ◽  
Savannah River Plant ◽  
Pb Ions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Doped Glass

ABSTRACTAt the Savannah River Plant, the reference process for the immobilization of defense high-level waste (DHLW) for geologic storage is vitrification into borosilicate glass. During geologic storage for 106y, the glass would be exposed to ∼3 × 1010 rad of β radiation, ∼1010 rad of γ radiation, and 1018 particles/g glass for both α and α-recoil radiation. This paper discusses tests of the effect of these radiations on the leachability and density of the glass. No effect of the radiations was detected that reduced the effectiveness of the glass for long-term storage of DHLW even at doses corresponding to 106 years storage for the actual glass. For the tests, glass containing simulated DHLW was prepared from frit of the reference composition. Three methods were used to irradiate the glass: external irradiations with beams of ∼200 keV or Pb ions, internal irradiations with Cm–244 doped glass, and external irradiations with Co–60 γ rays. Results with both Xe and Pb ions indicate that a dose of 3 × 1013 ions/cm2 (simulating >106 years storage) does not significantly increase the leachability of the glass in deionized water. Tests with Cm–244 doped glass show no increase in leach rate in deionized water up to a dose of 1.3 × 1018 α and α-recoils/g glass. The density of the Cm–244 doped glass has decreased by 1% at a dose of 1018 particles/g glass. With γ-radiation, the density has changed by <0.05% at a dose of 8.5 × 1010 rad. Results of leach tests in deionized water and brine indicated that this very large dose of γ-radiation increased the leach rate by only 20%. Also, the leach rates are 3 to 4 times lower in brine.

scholarly journals Effects of Gum Arabic-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles on the Removal of Pb Ions from Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Hanan J. Mustafa ◽  
Tagreed M. Al-Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pb Ions

To study the removal of lead (Pb) ions from aqueous solutions, novel magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) of Ni0.31Mg0.15Ag0.04Fe2.5O4 were synthesized by coprecipitation synthesis using metal sulfates, and then coated with Gum Arabic (GA). The prepared NPs were analyzed using various spectroscopic and analytical methods, such as X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). By using XRD analysis, the cubic inverse spinel structure of the prepared NPs was proven, showing average values of crystallite size, lattice constant, and density of 28.57nm, 8.32582Å, and 5.2890 g/cm3, respectively. FE-SEM analysis revealed the sphere-like shape of the nanoparticles with a measured crystallite size of 25.93nm. The existence of constituent elements was evidenced by EDX. FT-IR test proved the success of the coating process of magnetite NPs by the presence of the main characteristic absorption bands of GA in the FT-IR spectrum of GA-magnetite NPs. The adsorption of Pb ions by GA- magnetite NPs was shown by AAS analysis, where the concentration of Pb ions decreased from 25ppm to 6.6ppm, reaching 1.1ppm at the time of 25min. The porosity of the NPs and the carboxyl groups in GA played an important role in the process.

Removal of Pb(II) ions using Chitosan oligosaccharide/carboxymethyl cellulose/kaolin clay blend

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 388-402
Author(s):  
T.N Balaji ◽  
◽  
S.M Ameenur Rahman ◽  
T Gomathi ◽  
S Pavithra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Pb Ions

Heavy metal removal from wastewater has become a major environmental concern around the world. The performance of a chitosan-oligosaccharide-based hybrid (chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/Kaolin clay (KC) ternary blend material prepared in the presence of Glutaraldehyde (Glu) ternary blend material for the adsorptive removal of lead (Pb) from waterwaste was investigated in this study. The structure of COS with amine and hydroxyl groups helps to remove Pb ions. FTIR and X-Ray diffraction were used to characterize of COS/CMC/KC + Glu blend. The removal of ions was assessed using batch adsorption studies, which varied parameters such as the influence of beginning concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time. The elimination of Pb ions by adsorption was pH-dependent, with a maximum at pH 5. The favorability of the reported experimental values was validated using several theoretical models such as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudosecond-order best fitted for the adsorption.

Phosphorylation of PSII Proteins in Low Light Grown Maize in Response to the Pb Ions

2013 ◽  
pp. 572-575
Author(s):  
Wasilewska Wioleta ◽  
Zienkiewicz Maksymilian ◽  
Fristedt Rikard ◽  
Vener V. Alexander ◽  
Romanowska Elzbieta
Keyword(s):  
Low Light ◽  
Pb Ions

Integrating the (311) facet of MnO2 and the fuctional groups of poly(m-phenylenediamine) in core–shell MnO2@poly(m-phenylenediamine) adsorbent to remove Pb ions from water

2020 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 122154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xiong ◽  
Xingzhong Yuan ◽  
Hou Wang ◽  
Longbo Jiang ◽  
Zhibin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Shell ◽  
Pb Ions
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