Investigating the effect of stairs on the bidirectional movement of pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 023405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ye ◽  
Zhonghao Zhan ◽  
Mohcine Chraibi ◽  
Liping Lian ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bidirectional Movement

scholarly journals Stable tug-of-war between kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein upon different ATP and roadblock concentrations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina A. Monzon ◽  
Lara Scharrel ◽  
Ashwin DSouza ◽  
Ludger Santen ◽  
Stefan Diez
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
Dynein Motor ◽  
Bidirectional Movement

ABSTRACTThe maintenance of intracellular processes like organelle transport and cell division depend on bidirectional movement along microtubules. These processes typically require kinesin and dynein motor proteins which move with opposite directionality. Because both types of motors are often simultaneously bound to the cargo, regulatory mechanisms are required to ensure controlled directional transport. Recently, it has been shown that parameters like mechanical motor activation, ATP concentration and roadblocks on the microtubule surface differentially influence the activity of kinesin and dynein motors in distinct manners. However, how these parameters affect bidirectional transport systems has not been studied. Here, we investigate the regulatory influence of these three parameter using in vitro gliding motility assays and stochastic simulations. We find that the number of active kinesin and dynein motors determines the transport direction and velocity, but that variations in ATP concentration and roadblock density have no significant effect. Thus, factors influencing the force balance between opposite motors appear to be important, whereas the detailed stepping kinetics and bypassing capabilities of the motors have only little effect.

scholarly journals Understanding the Interdependency between the Nifty 50 Future Index and the Advanced Future Stock Market through Econometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3660-3664
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bidirectional Movement ◽  
High Degree

In recent times the stock market is accepted as a tool to measure the economic condition of a nation. It is found that the Indian financial market as highly volatile due to the lower value of rupees in foreign exchange with the dollar. This motivated the researchers to measure the interdependencies of [Nifty 50 future (India), Nikkei 225(Japan), NASDAQ 100 Futures (USA), Dow Jones 30 (USA), SSEC (China), Hang Seng Future (Hong Kong), and FTSE 100 (London)]. The analysis covers monthly stock prices for a period of 10years from April 2008 to March 2018. The measurement of interdependencies is studied through granger causality and correlation after the confirmation of the non-normality of data and stationary of data. The result shows a high degree of correlation between NASDAQ and Dow Jones shows 98.76% followed by 96.89% between Nifty 50 future and NASDAQ. The co-movement result of Nifty 50 future through granger causality states Nifty 50 future can explain the future stock market of Nikkei (Japan) and SSEC (China) and the Hang Seng future (Hong Kong) has a bidirectional movement with Nifty 50 futures. The study is useful for the investors to identify the interdependencies of the indices and understand the movement in a significant manner.

scholarly journals Time-dependent three-dimensional Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow due to bidirectional movement of surface with zero mass flux

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402091378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad ◽  
Sabir Ali Shehzad ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Taj
Keyword(s):  
Differential System ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lewis Number ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
Bidirectional Movement ◽  
Parameter Values

Unsteady three-dimensional flow of an incompressible Oldroyd-B nanomaterial is reported in this article. The origin of flow is time-dependent surface spreading in lateral directions transversely taking nanoparticles with zero mass flux. The formulated partial differential system is reframed by similarity variables into ordinary differential system. The obtained system is solved by the process of homotopy analysis for dimensional temperature and concentration of nanoparticles. Physical parameter behavior on temperature and concentrations of nanoparticles is examined using graph and tabular data. The surface temperature is also measured and evaluated, and it is found that the temperature is reduced for greater unsteadiness parameter values. We found that the higher [Formula: see text] enhances the curves of nanoparticle concentration and temperature while these curves retard for the incrementing values of [Formula: see text] The increasing nature of Brownian movement [Formula: see text] and Lewis number Le corresponds to lower profiles of nanoparticles concentration.

scholarly journals Hop-on hop-off: Polysomes take a tour of the cell on endosomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Translation Machinery ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Bidirectional Movement

After export from the nucleus, ribosomes need to be distributed throughout the entire cell so that protein synthesis can occur even at distant sites. In the elongated hyphal cell of the fungus Ustilago maydis, Higuchi et al. (2014. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201307164) now demonstrate that polysomes associate with early endosomes that undergo kinesin 3– and dynein-dependent long-range motility. The bidirectional movement of early endosomes randomly distributes polysomes, which may ensure the even distribution of the translation machinery across the entire cell.

Autoradiographic study of Diodrast-I131 transport in Necturus kidney

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Kinter ◽  
Lucian L. Leape ◽  
Jordan J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tubular Transport ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Renal Tubular Transport ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Bidirectional Movement

Renal tubular transport of Diodrast-I131 was studied in Necturus by newly devised autoradiographic methods used in conjuction with classical clearance methods. Clearance measurements on individual animals indicate different types of over-all tubular transport ranging from secretion into tubular urine, heretofore reported in many species, to reabsorption out of tubular urine, so far reported only in Necturus. Diodrast content of tubular urine as disclosed by autoradiography both corroborates clearance data and provides evidence that proximal tubules are the major site of Diodrast transport irrespective of direction. This view is supported by inulin-C14 autoradiographs. In addition, significant amounts of Diodrast were accumulated within proximal tubular cells during all types of transport. With less than 3 mg Diodrast/100 ml arterial plasma, the estimated intracellular concentration ranged from 2 to 19 times that in plasma. At higher plasma levels, tubular transport was overwhelmed and intracellular concentration no longer exceeded that in plasma. These results support a previously formulated theory of simultaneous, bidirectional movement of Diodrast across tubular cells in Necturus kidney.

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