Study on the Factors Influencing the Degradation of Cellulose Acetate Filter Rod

AbstractA method was developed to measure the amount of an SV smoke component captured by a filter for at least the duration of a puff and eluted from the filter by subsequent puffs of cigarette smoke. It was concluded that the size of the filament affects the elution of nicotine by a cellulose acetate filter and that the elution phenomenon is an important factor in the filtration mechanism of nicotine and a minor factor in the filtration mechanism of TPM. Due to condensation, there is a buildup of nicotine and TPM within 5 mm of the burning zone. This accounts for some of the increased delivery of nicotine and TPM observed when the last portion of the cigarette is smoked

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Clinical experience with transfusion of leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates prepared by filtration with prostacyclin

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v70.1.243.243 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 243-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

HC van Prooijen ◽

TI Riemens ◽

JW Akkerman

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Clinical Experience ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Platelet Concentrates ◽

Platelet Recovery ◽

Substantial Loss ◽

Single Donor ◽

Almost All ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

Abstract Repeated transfusions with platelets from randomly selected donors lead to HLA alloimmunization in about 50% of patients due to lymphocyte contamination of platelet concentrates. Attempts to remove the leukocytes from the platelet concentrates by additional centrifugation steps led to substantial loss of platelets. We report a new procedure for removal of almost all leukocytes with excellent platelet recoveries. Single donor concentrates are treated with 50 ng/mL prostacyclin to inactivate the platelets transiently. The concentrates are then passed through a cellulose-acetate filter to remove the leukocytes. In 30 concentrates this treatment reduced the contamination by leukocytes to less than 0.1 million per concentrate with a platelet recovery of 89% +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM). Thirty filtered platelet concentrates transfused to ten thrombocytopenic patients within one hour after filtration were well tolerated and led to corrected count increments of (22.0 +/- 1.1) X 10(6)/mL blood after one hour and normal survival thereafter. In four of five patients these concentrates reduced the bleeding time. We conclude that transient inactivation of platelets by prostacyclin enables optimal removal of leukocytes and may help to reduce alloimmunization during frequent transfusions with platelet concentrates.

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Clinical experience with transfusion of leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates prepared by filtration with prostacyclin

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v70.1.243.bloodjournal701243 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 243-246

Author(s):

HC van Prooijen ◽

TI Riemens ◽

JW Akkerman

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Clinical Experience ◽

Bleeding Time ◽

Platelet Concentrates ◽

Platelet Recovery ◽

Substantial Loss ◽

Single Donor ◽

Almost All ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

Repeated transfusions with platelets from randomly selected donors lead to HLA alloimmunization in about 50% of patients due to lymphocyte contamination of platelet concentrates. Attempts to remove the leukocytes from the platelet concentrates by additional centrifugation steps led to substantial loss of platelets. We report a new procedure for removal of almost all leukocytes with excellent platelet recoveries. Single donor concentrates are treated with 50 ng/mL prostacyclin to inactivate the platelets transiently. The concentrates are then passed through a cellulose-acetate filter to remove the leukocytes. In 30 concentrates this treatment reduced the contamination by leukocytes to less than 0.1 million per concentrate with a platelet recovery of 89% +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM). Thirty filtered platelet concentrates transfused to ten thrombocytopenic patients within one hour after filtration were well tolerated and led to corrected count increments of (22.0 +/- 1.1) X 10(6)/mL blood after one hour and normal survival thereafter. In four of five patients these concentrates reduced the bleeding time. We conclude that transient inactivation of platelets by prostacyclin enables optimal removal of leukocytes and may help to reduce alloimmunization during frequent transfusions with platelet concentrates.

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The Influence of Different Filter Parameters on the Semivolatile Composition of Mainstream Smoke

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0627 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

K Formella ◽

T Braumann ◽

H Elmenhorst

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Filter Material ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Cold Trap ◽

Mainstream Smoke ◽

Polar Compound ◽

Polar Structure ◽

Retention Behaviour ◽

Selective Retention ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

AbstractThe semivolatile fraction of cigarette smoke contains the most important aroma and taste compounds which contribute to the smoker's enjoyment. Obviously, the semivolatile composition is strongly affected by cigarette filters and consequently by the material which is used for filter manufacturing. We have studied the effect of cellulose acetate and polypropylene as filter material on the smoke semivolatiles. Further, the effect of other parameters like pressure drop and the use of additives has been investigated. Smoke condensate was collected on a Cambridge filter pad, the semivolatiles were evaporated using a headspace apparatus and subsequently collected in a cold trap. Semivolatile analyses were performed by high-resolution GC/MS. The cellulose acetate filter, due to its polar structure, selectively retains polar compounds such as phenols and furans while the non-polar polypropylene filter shows a non-selective retention behaviour. The addition to polypropylene filters of a polar compound such as triacetin, which is used as plasticiser in the manufacturing of cellulose acetate filters, does not affect the retention behaviour towards the semivolatiles.

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Effects of Ganglioside GD1a on the Fluidity and Phase Transition of Phosphatidylcholine Model Membrane Immobilized on Porous Cellulose Acetate Filter

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1271/bbb.60.1976 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 1976-1981 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minoru Inagaki ◽

Yoko Matsunaga ◽

Noriko Konagaya ◽

Shiro Nishikawa ◽

Naoki Kashimura

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Model Membrane ◽

Ganglioside Gd1a ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

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Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Mainstream Cigarette Smoke by Plasticizer

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.142 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 803 ◽

pp. 142-144

Author(s):

Sai Bo Yu ◽

Yong Jin ◽

Hai Feng Tan ◽

Qi Liu ◽

Shi Tai Wang

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Test Models ◽

Triethyl Citrate ◽

Mainstream Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cellulose Acetate Filter

A series of compounds were applied as plasticizer in the cellulose acetate filter of cigarette. The data showed that the tested filters with proper plasticizers could effectively remove phenolic compounds from mainstream cigarette smoke. In the test models, Triethyl citrate (TEC) exhibited significant absorption capacity to phenolic compounds in cigarette smoke, and the removal efficiency exceeded 49% in contrast to triacetin. Similar result was obtained in different type of cigarette with TEC tips. The removal efficiency of phenolic compounds was significantly affected by the loading of TEC when the loading of TEC was less than 9 wt%. However, when the loading of TEC was between 9-15 wt%, the removal efficiency showed only slight difference.

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Factors Influencing the Morphology of Cellulose Acetate Electrospun Fiber Mats

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.242 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 506 ◽

pp. 242-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Plianwong ◽

K. Su-Utha ◽

Praneet Opanasopit ◽

Tanasait Ngawhirunpat ◽

Theerasak Rojanarata

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Electrospun Fiber ◽

Constant Electric Field ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Fiber Mats ◽

Effect Of Solvent ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Microscope Imaging ◽

Electron Microscope Imaging ◽

Selection Of

This study investigated the effect of solvent composition, spinning rate and spinning time on the morphology of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fiber mats. To fabricate the fibers, 17 %w/v CA solutions prepared in the solvent consisting of acetone/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at the ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 (v/v) were subjected to electrospinning process under the constant electric field of 1.17 kV/cm. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that different morphologies of fibers obtained were bead-free fibers, fibers with spherical beads, and fibers with spindles, when the acetone/DMAc ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 were used, respectively. In the aspect of spinning rate, it was found that the diameter of electrospun CA fibers, spindles or beads increased with the increasing spinning rate from 0.2 to 1 ml h-1. In addition, the thickness of electrospun CA fiber mats was directly proportional to the spinning time from 2 to 6 h and spinning rate. Interestingly, by using the same spinning time and rate, the bead-free fiber mats were thicker than mats containing fiber with spherical beads or with spindles. These findings provide useful information for the selection of suitable electrospinning parameters in order to obtain the fiber mat with desired characteristics for the intended purpose.

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