scholarly journals Laws of Motion of the Lower Extremities and Structural-parametric Synthesis of Electro-hydraulic Executive Modules of the Active Exoskeleton According to the Criterion of Energy Suffiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Zuev ◽  
M R Saypulaev ◽  
V Doni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Rational Structure ◽  
Parametric Synthesis ◽  
Rigid Structure ◽  
Laws Of Motion

Abstract The object of the research is the electro-hydraulic executive modules (drives) of the exoskeleton of the lower extremities with a rigid structure of the power frame. The problem of schematic and parametric execution of modules located in the linkage joints of the exoskeleton which is used for verticalization of patients is considered. The aim of the study is to estimates energy consumption, sensitivity, establish a rational structure and parameters of modules that provide programmed movement according to the criterion of energy sufficiency. The laws of motion and diagrams of loads required for lifting a patient from a sitting position are presented.

Electrical stimulation of human lower extremities enhances energy consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, and whole body glucose uptake

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Hamada ◽  
Tatsuya Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Kazuwa Nakao ◽  
Toshio Moritani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that low-frequency electrical stimulation (ES) of quadriceps muscles alone significantly enhanced glucose disposal rate (GDR) during euglycemic clamp (Hamada T, Sasaki H, Hayashi T, Moritani T, and Nakao K. J Appl Physiol 94: 2107–2112, 2003). The present study is further follow-up to examine the acute metabolic effects of ES to lower extremities compared with voluntary cycle exercise (VE) at identical intensity. In eight male subjects lying in the supine position, both lower leg (tibialis anterior and triceps surae) and thigh (quadriceps and hamstrings) muscles were sequentially stimulated to cocontract in an isometric manner at 20 Hz with a 1-s on-off duty cycle for 20 min. Despite small elevation of oxygen uptake by 7.3 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1 during ES, the blood lactate concentration was significantly increased by 3.2 ± 0.3 mmol/l in initial period (5 min) after the onset of the ES ( P < 0.01), whereas VE showed no such changes at identical oxygen uptake (7.5 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1). ES also induced enhanced whole body carbohydrate oxidation as shown by the significantly higher respiratory gas exchange ratio than with VE ( P < 0.01). These data indicated increased anaerobic glycolysis by ES. Furthermore, whole body glucose uptake determined by GDR during euglycemic clamp demonstrated a significant increase during and after the cessation of ES for at least 90 min ( P < 0.01). This post-ES effect was significantly greater than that of the post-VE period ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that ES can substantially enhance energy consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, and whole body glucose uptake at low intensity of exercise. Percutaneous ES may become a therapeutic utility to enhance glucose metabolism in humans.

Tone and Reflex Development Before Term

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Marilee C. Allen ◽  
Arnold J. Capute
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Discharge ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Unit Discharge ◽  
Primitive Reflexes ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Tendon Reflexes

The evolution of tone and reflexes from 25 weeks postmenstrual age (gestational age plus chronologic age) to term in a population of 42 surviving infants is described. The infants were born in 1983 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, had birth weights &lt;1300 g, were examined weekly until neonatal intensive care unit discharge, and did not develop cerebral palsy. Lower-extremity flexor tone was first detectable at 29 weeks postmenstrual age by the popliteal angle and heel to ear maneuvers. Flexor tone, recoil, and hyperreflexia were all noted 2 to 3 weeks earlier in the lower extremities (33 to 35 weeks) than in the upper extremities (35 to 37 weeks). Hip tone (35 to 37 weeks) followed knee flexor tone, but preceded shoulder tone (37 to 38 weeks). Trunk tone on ventral suspension emerged closer to term (36 to 40 weeks), and more than half of infants evaluated at term continued to demonstrate head lag when pulled to sitting position. The emergence of the primitive and pathologic reflexes reflects (both in timing and pattern) the evolution of tone: development of the reflexes in the lower extremities precedes that of those in the upper extremities, and development of the distal reflexes precedes that of the proximal. Maturation of tone, deep tendon reflexes, pathologic reflexes, and primitive reflexes occurs in an orderly, sequential manner, with a well-defined pattern: caudocephalad (lower extremities to upper extremities) and centripetal (distal to proximal).

Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Nerve Entrapments

Abstract Physicians use a variety of methodologies within the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, to rate nerve injuries depending on the type of injury and location of the nerve. Traumatic injuries that cause impairment to the peripheral or brachial plexus nerves are rated using Section 15.4e, Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Impairment, for upper extremities and Section 16.4c, Peripheral Nerve Rating Process, for lower extremities. Verifiable nerve lesions that incite the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome, type II (similar to the former concept of causalgia), also are rated in these sections. Nerve entrapments, which are not isolated traumatic events, are rated using the methodology in Section 15.4f, Entrapment Neuropathy. Type I complex regional pain syndrome is rated using Section 15.5, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome for upper extremities or Section 16.5, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome for lower extremities. The method for grading the sensory and motor deficits is analogous to the method described in previous editions of AMA Guides. Rating the permanent impairment of the peripheral nerves or brachial plexus is similar to the methodology used in the diagnosis-based impairment scheme with the exceptions that the physical examination grade modifier is never used to adjust the default rating and the names of individual nerves or plexus trunks, as opposed to the names of diagnoses, appear in the far left column of the rating grids.

Lay Perceptions of Energy Consumption

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzeen Z. Attari ◽  
Michael L. DeKay ◽  
Cliff I. Davidson ◽  
Wandi Bruine de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Lay Perceptions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document