Development of non-invasive alcohol analyzer using Photoplethysmographytle

Abstract Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the optical signals commonly used in clinical research for measuring the vital signs. Previously, PPG is often used as an indicator for detecting blood volume changes in the micro-vascular. The advantages of PPG signal mentioned in studies are non-invasive, lower operation cost, and the simplicity of the procedure. Although some the components of the PPG signal are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that it can provide valuable information in clinical study. Thus, it is interesting for finding a relation between PPG signal and blood alcohol concentration. The objective of this study is to classify two groups of ten-volunteer: (1) group of people who consumed alcohol and (2) non-consumed alcohol, by using the difference of PPG signals in these two groups and compared the results with fuel-cell breath alcohol analyzer. A set of PPG reflection data is recorded from optical sensors including the wavelength light of the red light and the infrared light from the fingertip of individuals. In additional, the changes of each signals for distinguishing two groups of volunteers are examined. The set of data is computed and analysed to find the correlation coefficient between significant variables in statistic domain. The analysis techniques are included (1) slope of the signals over time, (2) peak to peak of the heart rate, and (3) deep of waveform valley after rotation for training generalized linear (GLM) classifiers to create classification models. The accuracy of GLM classification can be obtained up to 87.50%. This suggests that PPG technique with our lab prototype has a potential for screening test to classify people who consumed alcohol and non-consumed alcohol.

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Ethanol-induced symptoms in patients receiving gemcitabine diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion containing ethanol

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155217715790 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 511-516

Author(s):

Raúl Diez-Fernández ◽

Rocío Vázquez-Sánchez ◽

Laura López-Esteban ◽

Santos Enrech-Frances ◽

Ana María Sánchez-Peña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Double Blind ◽

Impaired Balance ◽

The Difference ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Purpose Ethanol as an excipient is used to enhance the solubility of gemcitabine, but, sometimes, the dose of ethanol a patient may be given is much higher than the dose considered to be toxic. We aimed to assess ethanol-related symptoms and signs in patients receiving two formulations of gemcitabine, with and without ethanol. Methods A randomized double blind cross-over study was conducted. All patients being treated with gemcitabine received two consecutive doses of the drug, one diluted from a concentrate for solution for infusion (CSI) containing ethanol and the other from a lyophilized powder, without ethanol, which was used as control group. After each administration, patients were surveyed in order to assess the appearance of any alcohol consumption symptoms (dizziness, difficulty speaking, unsteady walking, impaired balance, mood swings and slower reactions). Widmark formula and the amount of alcohol measured on the breath (breathalyzer) were used to estimate blood alcohol concentration. Results Twenty-four patients received both formulations and were included in the analysis. Mean administered ethanol dose when prepared from CSI was 15.81 ± 2.25 g (mean ± SD). When using CSI gemcitabine, estimated blood ethanol concentration was 0.033 g/dl according to Widmark formula and 0.02 g/dl according to breathalyzer results. Although overall incidence of symptoms was higher in the study group, the difference was not statistically significant (33% vs. 25%; p = 0.53). Conclusions These findings prove there is no difference in the onset of ethanol related symptoms when using CSI instead of lyophilized powder on the reconstitution of gemcitabine.

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Non-invasive measurement study of human blood alcohol concentration based on NIR dynamic spectrum

2011 International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing ◽

10.1109/iasp.2011.6109091 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-fei Liu ◽

Gui-li Liu ◽

Xiao-fei Wang ◽

Yan-fei Bao ◽

Gang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Blood ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Dynamic Spectrum ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Measurement Study ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Invasive Measurement

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Preliminary study of a non-invasive portable device for continuous monitoring of blood alcohol concentration

2018 12th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST) ◽

10.1109/icsenst.2018.8603613 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ines Seco ◽

Pedro Dinis Gaspar ◽

Manuel Magrinho ◽

Miguel Castelo-Branco

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Portable Device ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Preliminary Study

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Lung-to-finger circulation time can be measured stably with high reproducibility by simple breath holding method in cardiac patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95192-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomoyuki Tobushi ◽

Takatoshi Kasai ◽

Masayuki Hirose ◽

Kazuhiro Sakai ◽

Manabu Akamatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Red Light ◽

Circulation Time ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Laser Sensor ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

The Difference

AbstractLung to finger circulation time (LFCT) has been used to estimate cardiac function. We developed a new LFCT measurement device using a laser sensor at fingertip. We measured LFCT by measuring time from re-breathing after 20 s of breath hold to the nadir of the difference of transmitted red light and infrared light, which corresponds to percutaneous oxygen saturation. Fifty patients with heart failure were enrolled. The intrasubject stability of the measurement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC calculated from 44 cases was 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.77–0.91), which means to have “Excellent reliability.” By measuring twice, at least one clear LFCT value was obtained in 89.1% of patients and the overall measurability was 95.7%. We conducted all LFCT measurements safely. High ICCs were obtained even after dividing patients according to age, cardiac index (CI); 0.85 and 0.84 (≥ 75 or < 75 years group, respectively), 0.81 and 0.84 (N = 26, ≥ or < 2.2 L/min/M2). These results show that our new method to measure LFCT is highly stable and feasible for any type of heart failure patients.

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The Importance of Alcohol Testing by Gas Chromatography vs the Cordebard Classical Method Modified in the Medico Legal Investigation

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.9.6543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 2407-2410

Author(s):

Dan Perju Dumbrava ◽

Carmen Corina Radu ◽

Sofia David ◽

Tatiana Iov ◽

Catalin Jan Iov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chromatographic Method ◽

Classical Method ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Technical Details ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method ◽

Alcohol Testing ◽

Living Person

Considering the growing number of requests from the criminal investigations authorities addressed to the institutions of legal medicine, testing of blood alcohol concentration both in the living person and in the corpse, we believe that a presentation of the two methods which are used in our country, is a topic of interest at present. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the technical details on how blodd alcohol concentration is realised by means of the gas chromatographic method and the classical one, (Cordebard modified by D. Banciu and I. Droc) respectively. Another purpose of this article is to also show, in a comparative way, the elements that make the gas chromatographic method superior to the former one.

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Welfare Health and Productivity in Commercial Pig Herds

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1176

Author(s):

Przemysław Racewicz ◽

Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽

Ewa Skrzypczak ◽

Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽

Hanna Biesiada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Herd Management ◽

Pork Production ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Frequency Identification

In recent years, there have been very dynamic changes in both pork production and pig breeding technology around the world. The general trend of increasing the efficiency of pig production, with reduced employment, requires optimisation and a comprehensive approach to herd management. One of the most important elements on the way to achieving this goal is to maintain animal welfare and health. The health of the pigs on the farm is also a key aspect in production economics. The need to maintain a high health status of pig herds by eliminating the frequency of different disease units and reducing the need for antimicrobial substances is part of a broadly understood high potential herd management strategy. Thanks to the use of sensors (cameras, microphones, accelerometers, or radio-frequency identification transponders), the images, sounds, movements, and vital signs of animals are combined through algorithms and analysed for non-invasive monitoring of animals, which allows for early detection of diseases, improves their welfare, and increases the productivity of breeding. Automated, innovative early warning systems based on continuous monitoring of specific physiological (e.g., body temperature) and behavioural parameters can provide an alternative to direct diagnosis and visual assessment by the veterinarian or the herd keeper.

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Non-Invasive Measurement of Vital Signs Based on Seven-Core Fiber Interferometer

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2021.3061443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 10703-10710

Author(s):

Weijuan Chen ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Huicheng Yang ◽

Yishen Qiu ◽

Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vital Signs ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Core Fiber ◽

Invasive Measurement

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A Driving Simulator Study of the Performance Effects of Low Blood Alcohol Concentration

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129604001817 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (18) ◽

pp. 943-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Wade Allen ◽

Zareh Parseghian ◽

Anthony C. Stein

Keyword(s):

Divided Attention ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Large Body ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Performance Effects ◽

Driving Task ◽

Simulator Study ◽

And Performance

There is a large body of research that documents the impairing effect of alcohol on driving behavior and performance. Some of the most significant alcohol influence seems to occur in divided attention situations when the driver must simultaneously attend to several aspects of the driving task. This paper describes a driving simulator study of the effect of a low alcohol dose, .055 BAC (blood alcohol concentration %/wt), on divided attention performance. The simulation was mechanized on a PC and presented visual and auditory feedback in a truck cab surround. Subjects were required to control speed and steering on a rural two lane road while attending to a peripheral secondary task. The subject population was composed of 33 heavy equipment operators who were tested during both placebo and drinking sessions. Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed a significant and practical alcohol effect on a range of variables in the divided attention driving task.

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4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1177/002580249403400316 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A W Jones

Keyword(s):

Expert Witness ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Drunk Driving ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Driving Under The Influence ◽

Blood Alcohol ◽

Lower Court ◽

Dna Profile ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

Driving Scenario

This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

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