scholarly journals A Mini Review on the Impact of Sewage Disposal on Environment and Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 012040 ◽  
Author(s):  
G U Fayomi ◽  
S E Mini ◽  
O S I Fayomi ◽  
T. Owodolu ◽  
A.A. Ayoola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
The Impact

Study on Sewage Disposal by Bio-Film Process Dosing with Enzyme

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
Zheng Hua Liu ◽  
Hong Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
The Impact

The paper studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by bio-film process dosing with enzyme and investigated the promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by bio-film process. The removal of phenol in sewage was also researched. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (33%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (31.6%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (30%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (27.2%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. It indicated that enzyme had good promotion effect on bio-film process during the sewage treatment process. Biological accelerator-bio-film process could effectively reduce the impact of sewage on river and it had a good application prospect as the auxiliary means for water restore.

scholarly journals The influence of water price and the number of residents on the economic efficiency of water recovery from grey water

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of an analysis of the economic viability of using an installation for the treatment of grey water. Economic indicators in the form of simple payback time (SPBT) and net present value (NPV) were used in the analysis. The use of a dual water supply system should theoretically enable the reduction of the costs of both water supply and sewage disposal, ensuring investment profitability. The article presents the impact of the number of residents as well as the impact of water and sewage on the profitability of using example water-recovery systems. It was found that both factors have a huge impact on the result of the economic analysis. For a small number of residents and at a low price of water supply and sewage disposal, it is not profitable to invest in a water-recovery system. This is due to the high price of purification devices.

Sewage Disposal and Viral Pollution of the Ottawa River

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
S.A. Sattar ◽  
V.S. Springthorpe ◽  
S. Ramia
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Virus Isolates

Abstract The quality of water in the Ottawa River is being affected by the disposal of increased volumes of sewage into it. Some of the sewage disposal points are situated upstream of beaches and intake points for water purification plants. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of such waste disposal on the virological quality of recreational and drinking waters for the Ottawa area. A total of 132 weekly samples of raw sewage, chlorinated secondary effluents, raw and finished surface waters were examined for viruses from June to December 1977. In addition to these, ten samples of tap water, collected during the first two weeks of April 1978, were also included in this study. Virus concentration from these samples was carried out using the talc-Celite technique developed in the laboratory. Primary human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and BS-C-1 cells were used for the detection and quantitation of viruses present in the sample concentrates. Virus isolates were identified by their cytopathology, examination under the electron microscope and serology. When 6 1. volumes were processed, nearly all the samples of raw sewage and 54% chlorinated effluent samples were found to be positive for virus. Approximately 50% of the surface water samples were also shown to contain virus using 40 1. sample volumes. Concentrates of some of the potable water samples showed virus-like degeneration in cell cultures. Although this degeneration was found to be transmissible, at this stage it is not possible to say if this effect was in fact due to a viral agent. The following major conclusions were drawn from this study: (a) All three major enteric virus groups were represented in the virus isolates. However, inherent limitations of sample concentration and virus isolation techniques may have resulted in the detection of only a small fraction of the viruses present in the samples. (b) There was no apparent correspondence between the numbers of indicator bacteria and the presence or absence of detectable virus in the samples. (c) Viruses detected in the recreational and raw water samples may be due to the presence of point sources of raw sewage discharge upstream. This could result in the dissemination of human pathogenic viruses through recreational and potable waters.

scholarly journals The impact of changes in terms of payment for sewage removal on WWTP valuation using the DCF method

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00039
Author(s):  
Jacek Dziubek ◽  
Aneta Dziubek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Company Valuation ◽  
The Impact

The article describes selected changes in the Water Law and the Collective Water Supply and Collective Sewage Disposal Act and their possible impact on the valuation of wastewater treatment plants. The issue of company valuation using DCF method is presented. By applying this method, several variants of assessment of the impact of changes in the law on the value of the sewage treatment plant in Głogów are proposed.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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