Sewage Disposal and Viral Pollution of the Ottawa River

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
S.A. Sattar ◽  
V.S. Springthorpe ◽  
S. Ramia
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Virus Isolates

Abstract The quality of water in the Ottawa River is being affected by the disposal of increased volumes of sewage into it. Some of the sewage disposal points are situated upstream of beaches and intake points for water purification plants. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of such waste disposal on the virological quality of recreational and drinking waters for the Ottawa area. A total of 132 weekly samples of raw sewage, chlorinated secondary effluents, raw and finished surface waters were examined for viruses from June to December 1977. In addition to these, ten samples of tap water, collected during the first two weeks of April 1978, were also included in this study. Virus concentration from these samples was carried out using the talc-Celite technique developed in the laboratory. Primary human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and BS-C-1 cells were used for the detection and quantitation of viruses present in the sample concentrates. Virus isolates were identified by their cytopathology, examination under the electron microscope and serology. When 6 1. volumes were processed, nearly all the samples of raw sewage and 54% chlorinated effluent samples were found to be positive for virus. Approximately 50% of the surface water samples were also shown to contain virus using 40 1. sample volumes. Concentrates of some of the potable water samples showed virus-like degeneration in cell cultures. Although this degeneration was found to be transmissible, at this stage it is not possible to say if this effect was in fact due to a viral agent. The following major conclusions were drawn from this study: (a) All three major enteric virus groups were represented in the virus isolates. However, inherent limitations of sample concentration and virus isolation techniques may have resulted in the detection of only a small fraction of the viruses present in the samples. (b) There was no apparent correspondence between the numbers of indicator bacteria and the presence or absence of detectable virus in the samples. (c) Viruses detected in the recreational and raw water samples may be due to the presence of point sources of raw sewage discharge upstream. This could result in the dissemination of human pathogenic viruses through recreational and potable waters.

scholarly journals The impact of coal ash and slag dump on the quality of surface and ground waters - a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Ivana Cipranic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Stefan Djordjievski ◽  
Zoran Stevanovic ◽  
Marija Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Slag Dump ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the assessment of the impact of coal ash and slag from the ?Maljevac? dump on the quality of water of Paleski Creek, Montenegro. The obtained results confirm the negative influence of surface and groundwater from the dump on the water from the Paleski Creek. The results obtained by testing of the water samples, collected from Paleski Creek upstream of the dump, indicate that the water is qualified to be used for drinking, after simple physical treatment and disinfection. The results obtained for the water samples collected from the Paleski creek downstream from the dump indicate that the water could be safe for drinking only after the treatment that requires an intensive physical, chemical and biological processing, including some extended treatment.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Quality of Tap Water and the Properties of Installation Materials on the Formation of Biofilms

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Andżelika Domoń ◽  
Anna Wojtuś ◽  
Jakub Żywiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The article presents changes in the quality of tap water depending on time spent in installation and its impact on the creation of biofilms on various materials (polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chrome-nickel steel and galvanized steel). For the first time, quantitative analyses of biofilm were performed using methods such as: Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) measurement, flow cytometry, heterotrophic plate count and using fractographical parameters. In the water, after leaving the experimental installation, the increase of turbidity, content of organic compounds, nitrites and nitrates was found, as well as the decrease in the content of chlorine compounds, dissolved oxygen and phosphorus compounds. There was an increase in the number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria. In addition, the presence of Escherichia coli was also found. The analysis of the quantitative determination of microorganisms in a biofilm indicates that galvanized steel is the most susceptible material for the adhesion of microorganisms. These results were also confirmed by the analysis of the biofilm morphology. The roughness profile, the thickness of the biofilm layer can be estimated at about 300 μm on galvanized steel.

Bacterial quality of drinking water sources and antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacteriaceae in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayeh Abera ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret ◽  
Goraw Goshu ◽  
Mulat Yimer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Probable Number

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the bacterial quality and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Enterobacteriaceae from drinking water in Bahir Dar city. A total of 140 water samples were collected in the wet and dry periods from springs (n = 4), reservoirs (n = 10) and private tap water at households (n = 126). Bacteriological analysis of water was conducted using multiple tube method. Overall, 21.4%, 18.6% and 17.8% of drinking water samples had total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC) and Escherichia coli, respectively. All spring water samples and 29.2% of private tap water had the highest TC load (18 most probable number/100 mL, 95% CI: 100). For FC, 81.4% of the drinking water supplies tested complied with both World Health Organization and Ethiopian Standards. High levels of resistance (98–100%) were observed for ampicillin by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All P. aeruginosa isolates and 20 (66.7%) of E. coli revealed multiple drug resistance. Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited high levels of antimicrobial resistance. The bacterial quality of drinking water in Bahir Dar city was poor. Microbial surveillance and monitoring with periodic assessment on physical integrity of the water pipelines need to be undertaken.

Water quality index analysis for portable and bottled waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-468
Author(s):  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research work aimed to investigate the degree of quality of tap and bottled waters available in Al-Madinah city through an experimental program comprising chemical, physical and biological tests. The study included examining the quality of the water supply network components such as taps, underground storage tanks and feeding pipes of the network. Filtration influence on the tap water was investigated by testing different water samples before and after the filtration process at different locations. The experiments also examined various bottled water brands sold in Al-Madinah. In addition, the impact of using the dispenser on the water quality of large bottled waters was studied. The water quality of two types of waters was compared by estimating water quality index (WQI). Results of this study revealed that the overall quality of the tap water is within standard values; however, deterioration occurs for the water through its journey in the water supply system. Results revealed that hardness and fluoride concentrations in bottled waters exhibited high values close to or more than allowable values of the standards. Furthermore, results confirmed that using the filter and dispenser decreased the water quality degree in the long run. Bottled waters showed a higher grade of WQI than tap water.

Ecological monitoring of livestock complexes on groundwater quality (on the example of the pig breeding farm № 11 JV LLC "Nyva Pereiaslavschyny")

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Serdiuk ◽  
◽  
V. Maksin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture, especially livestock, is rated as one of the most polluting industries in the world. In the other hand there is a modern approach to the technology implementation, and is this true that with its usage the impact on the environment is so critical and inevitably leads to environmental catastrophe. It is important to investigate and scientifically substantiate the impact of modern livestock complexes on the environment, especially on groundwater resources objectively,. And only after a number of studies conducted on pig farms with a capacity of 30 and 50 thousand heads per year it would be possible to determine next: is livestock an object of ultra-intensive pollution, or it is an object that does not have a significant negative impact on the environment and is also an economic and food lever of the country. The research was conducted on the example of the company JV LLC "NYVA PEREIASLAVSCHYNY" that is located in two districts of Kyiv region – Brovarskyi and Boryspilskyi. The sanitary protection zone size is 1500 meters to the nearest residential development (MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE, 1996). Projects to reduce the sanitary protection zone have not been developed as there is no need for it. Research of water quality was performed according to State Sanitary Regulations and Rules “Hygienic Requirements to Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption” “2.2.4-171-10” (State Water Agency of Ukraine, 2010). It was conducted on samples that were taken from 4 artesian wells that are located on the territory of the pig breeding farm № 11. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the pig breeding farm’s № 11 activity on the underground aquifer and surface water body. To reach this target water samples were collected according to the requirements established in the conclusion on environmental impact assessment from wells in the villages and river. Studies that were conducted during 2020 showed that the quality of water in wells meets the requirements for drinking water. Water samples from wells and ponds showed deviations from the norm up to 10 times. Previous studies did not set a negative impact of the pig breeding farm № 11 on groundwater quality.

PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER NEAR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMPING SITES IN ARUMUGANERI, THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Ground water samples in and around from the dumpsite located in Arumuganeri were studied to assess the impact of Municipal solid waste on the ground water resources. Ground water samples were collected from the 5 different bore-wells in and around the dumpsites.The collected water samples were analyzed for parameters of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total hardness, chloride and dissolved oxygen. The results were observed in each sample , compared with standards WHO, ICMR, ISI and thus  an  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  whether  the quality  of  ground  water  is  fit  or  not  for  drinking  and  other  purposes.

scholarly journals The effect of the mixing of water from different sources in the water supply system on tap water quality – a full-scale technical investigation case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
A. Szuster-Janiaczyk ◽  
J. Bylka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tap Water Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The paper presents a detailed analysis of the quality of water pumped into a network and sampled from 39 monitoring points located on the network. A difference in the quality of water sampled from two different sources was demonstrated, as well as the impact of the mixing of the two waters in the water distribution system (WDS) on tap water quality. A mathematical model was used to identify the zones of water mixing and the areas of unfavourable hydraulic conditions (low flow rates and long retention times).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Schools in a District Area in Hanoi, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022095967
Author(s):  
Dang The Hung ◽  
Vu Thi Cuc ◽  
Vu Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Dao Thi Thanh Diu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Taste And Odor

Background: Drinking water quality affects directly human health. Assessment and prevention of water-borne diseases are crucial for primary prevention, especially for children. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from tap water in preschools and primary schools in a district area in Hanoi City, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019. Water samples from tap water of 154 schools in a district area of Hanoi were collected to determine the quality of drinking water. From each school, at least 2 bottles of water samples were collected on the basis of a standard operating procedure (SOP). Each water sample was analyzed for microbial and physicochemical parameters, including Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity, pH, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Iron, Permanganate, Chloride, Hardness, Total Manganese, Sulfate, Arsenic, Coliform, and E.coli, by analytical methods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by WHO and National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality of Vietnam. Results: All of the schools employed community water system as a main source for drinking water. The results showed that all tested samples were found to be within the standards for some physicochemical properties, including Color, Taste and Odor, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron (Fe2+ và Fe3+), Total Manganese (Mn), Nitrate (NO3–), Sulfate (SO42–), and Total Arsenic (As). On the other hand, some samples did not meet the allowable limits of the national standard, due to pH (3.9%), Turbidity (0.6%), Nitrite (3.2%), Permanganate (6.5%), and Ammonium (5.8%). Furthermore, the microbial data revealed that the substandard water samples from municipal water systems were contaminated by Coliform (9.7%) and/or E.coli (7.8%). Conclusions and recommendations: Contaminants such as bacterial and chemical agents in to drinking water could be occurred during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer without regular surveillance. A periodic treatment procedure and monitoring system to keep the level of microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water in schools under control should be performed.

scholarly journals The impact of land use on the water quality of foothill microcatchment areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Andrzej Misztal ◽  
Marcin Kuczera
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Impact

The impact of land use on the water quality of foothill microcatchment areas The impact of land use on the water quality of foothill microcatchment areas. In this paper a comparison is made between the impact of land use methods on the quality of water in the streams which drain various catchment areas. For this purpose three microcatchments were selected which are located in agricultural, rural settlements, and forested areas. Water samples were physically and chemically analysed in order to determine: nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, sulphates, chlorides, calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, reaction and conductivity. The above studies were conducted in the 2006 and 2007. Our analysis of the collected materials allows us to affirm that land use methods have a significant impact on the water quality of the streams which drain the area. Rural settlement has the most negative influence on the water quality, followed by typical agricultural use. Based on the direct quality evaluations of single water samples, it has been found that only water from forested areas can be qualified as belonging to the 1st cleanness class.

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