scholarly journals Optimum height of the retaining gravity wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 708 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
F Bari ◽  
J A Repadi ◽  
F A Ismail ◽  
riani ◽  
A Hakam
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Height

Process Characterization and the Effect of Process Defects on Flip Chip Reliability

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Lewis ◽  
Hilary Sasso
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shock Testing ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Process Characterization ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Processing fine pitch flip chip devices continues to pose problems for packaging and manufacturing engineers. Optimizing process parameters such that defects are limited and long-term reliability of the assembly is increased can be a very tedious task. Parameters that effect the robustness of the process include the flux type and placement parameters. Ultimately, these process parameters can effect the long-term reliability of the flip chip assembly by either inhibiting or inducing process defects. Therefore, care is taken to develop a process that is robust enough to supply high yields and long term reliability, but still remains compatible with a standard surface mount technology process. This is where process optimization becomes most critical and difficult. What is the optimum height of the flux thin film used for a dip process? What force is required to insure that the solder bumps make contact with the pads? What are the limiting boundaries in which high yields and high reliabilities are achieved, while maintaining a streamlined, proven process? The following study evaluates a set of process parameters and their impact on process defects and reliability. The study evaluates process parameters including, flux type, flux application parameters, placement force and placement accuracy to determine their impact. Solder voiding, inadequate solder wetting, and crack propagation and delamination in the underfill layer are defects examined in the study. Assemblies will be subjected to liquid-to-liquid thermal shock testing (−55° C to 125°C) to determine failure modes due to the aforementioned defects. The results will show how changes in process parameters effect yield and reliability.

scholarly journals Effect of firing conditions & release height on terminal performance of submunitions and conditions for optimum height of release

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
L.K. Gite ◽  
A. Anandaraj ◽  
R.S. Deodhar ◽  
D.K. Joshi ◽  
K.M. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Performance ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Release Height

A model study for estimating optimum upward-continuation height for gravity separation with application to a Bouguer gravity anomaly over a mineral deposit, Jilin province, northeast China

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. I45-I50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Zeng ◽  
Deshu Xu ◽  
Handong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Gravity Separation ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bouguer Gravity ◽  
Bouguer Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Upward Continuation ◽  
Optimum Height

Upward continuation can be used to separate a regional gravity anomaly resulting from deep sources from the observed gravity. We present a practical method, based on model studies, to derive an optimum upward continuation height for regional-residual gravity separation. Using this method we can calculate an optimal height for upward continuation. Although mathematically there is no optimum height, this method provides an objective procedure to calculate a best height for upward continuation. We initially use a 2D model to calculate an optimum separation height, as given by the maximum crosscorrelation between the upward continuation of the observed gravity and a known regional anomaly. For an unknown regional field, we calculate a series of crosscorrelations between the upward continuations at two successive heights. The average height of the maximum deflection of these crosscorrelation values yields the optimum height for regional-residual separation. The method was applied to the Bouguer gravity anomaly over a mineral deposit in the Jilin province in northeast China. When we subtract the estimated regional anomaly obtained in this manner from the Bouguer anomaly, we can obtain a residual anomaly that clearly shows the location of two known iron bodies.

scholarly journals IMPROVING QUALITY OF CONTAINER-GROWN PEPPER TRANSPLANTS THROUGH FERTILITY MANIPULATION

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 428d-428
Author(s):  
Darbie M. Granberry ◽  
William Terry Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Intact Root ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

During summer in southern Georgia, greenhouses often reach or exceed 49C. Subsequently, transplants grown in these houses tend to exceed optimum height. To determine effects of N and P fertility levels on pepper (Capsicum annuum) transplant growth, applications of nutrient solutions with 58, 12, and 0 ppm N and 114, 57, and 0 ppm P205 were applied to recently emerged Capistrano bell pepper beginning 12 Aug. 1994. Plants were grown in polystyrene flats using a commercial noncharged artificial soil mix. Nutrient solutions were applied as needed to maintain adequate moisture until 31 Aug., except for two treatments that received only water after 22 Aug. Data were taken on 22 and 31 Aug. With 58 ppm N, 0 P decreased plant height, leaf count, leaf area, and plant weight. Higher N increased plant height, ratings of intact root plugs and washed roots, stem diameter, leaf count, leaf area, and plant weight. At 12 ppm N, P had no significant effect on transplant growth. Withholding fertilizer the final week reduced plant height, ratings of intact root plugs, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and plant weight.

scholarly journals Optimum Height at Which to Kill Barley Used as a Living Mulch in Onions

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Irrigation Research

Planting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a living mulch with onions (Allium cepa L.) reduces soil erosion and protects the onions from wind damage. It can also reduce yield and size of onion bulbs if not managed correctly. In a 4-year study at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in North Dakota, barley was planted in the spring at the same time that onions were direct-seeded. Barley rows were planted either parallel with or perpendicular to the onion rows. Barley was killed with fluazifop-P herbicide when ≈13, 18, 23, or 30 cm tall. Onion size and yields were reduced when barley was allowed to grow taller than 18 cm before killing it. Total onion yield was usually greater when barley was planted parallel with, rather than perpendicular to, onion rows. Chemical name used: (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-P).

scholarly journals Optimum Height at Which to Kill Barley Used as a Living Mulch in Onions

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Irrigation Research

Planting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a living mulch with onions (Allium cepa L.) reduces soil erosion and protects the onions from wind damage. It can also reduce yield and size of onion bulbs if not managed correctly. In a 4-year study at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in North Dakota, barley was planted in the spring at the same time that onions were direct-seeded. Barley rows were planted either parallel with or perpendicular to the onion rows. Barley was killed with fluazifop-P herbicide when ≈13, 18, 23, or 30 cm tall. Onion size and yields were reduced when barley was allowed to grow taller than 18 cm before killing it. Total onion yield was usually greater when barley was planted parallel with, rather than perpendicular to, onion rows. Chemical name used: (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-P).

scholarly journals Low-profile Containers for Nursery-grown Trees

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Milbocker
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Leaf Mold ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Better Than

Pyrus calleryana, Decne, `Aristocrat'; Cryptomeria japonica, D. Don; Populus maximowiczii, Henry × `Androscoggin' and Koelreuteria bipinnata, Franch. trees were grown in low-profile containers. The optimum height and width of these containers was 20 to 30 cm and 84 cm, respectively. Pine bark and mixtures containing 50% or more of pine bark were preferable to mixtures containing leaf mold for filling the containers because the former weigh less. Roots penetrated pine bark mixtures better than sphagnum peat mixtures and also retained their shape better during transplanting. When grown in low-profile containers, trees grew fibrous root systems; after transplanting, roots grew downwardly radial and trees were able to withstand extremely difficult landscape conditions.

scholarly journals Ground Improvement By Using Coir Geo-Textile

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
R. A. Joshia Issac ◽  
A. Bharathu ◽  
Dr. K. Ramadevi
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Percentage Improvement ◽  
Optimum Height ◽  
Maximum Improvement ◽  
Pavement Structure

For the design of pavement structure the subgrade soil and its properties are important as it gives adequate support to the pavement. To increase the life of pavement the subgrade must be able to support loads transmitted from pavement structure without excessive deformation under adverse climatic and traffic conditions. For using the soil as a good quality pavement material, it is a well-known fact that all soils do not possess all the desirable qualities. The subgrade performance of such soils should be increased by several modification techniques, when such soils cannot be replaced. Among that providing reinforcement to improve subgrade soil nowadays is widely adopted. Nowadays many reinforcing techniques are used to reinforce the soil, among that coir geotextile is most widely used. As it is a natural geotextile it needs treatment to improve the durability. In this study woven coir geotextile are used as soil reinforcement to improve the subgrade soil. The improvement in CBR value when coir geotextile placed at different depth in CBR mould is studied. The coir geocells with an aspect ratio of 0.75, 1 and 1.33 is used. The maximum improvement in CBR value is obtained when geotextile is placed at 1/3H. The CBR value improved when treated coir geotextile is used and the percentage improvement is 66.8% for coir geotextiles placed 1/3H and the percentage increase for treated coir geocells when placed at 1/3H is 37.5%. The optimum height of coir geocells is obtained at an aspect ratio of 1.

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