Study of Acetobacter xylinum FNCC 0001 fermentation kinetics using artificial media containing various carbon and nitrogen concentrations

A fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., which used bark as its sole carbon and energy source, was isolated. Difficulties arose in measuring fungal growth, since the hyphae and the bark could not be separated. Measurement of the weight loss of the solid material did not quantitatively estimate fungal growth. Therefore, two methods were developed to estimate fungal mass when the carbon and energy source is particulate and contributes to the parameter used as a measure of growth. They were based on determination of nitrogen either in the solid material or in the medium. The nitrogen concentration in A. fumigatus was found to be nearly constant throughout the growth cycle and to be independent of the carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the medium but to vary with the carbon source used.Aspergillus fumigatus was grown at 37C as a submerged culture in salts medium with finely ground bark from Picea abies as sole carbon and energy source. The bark medium was heat-sterilized before inoculation with spores. The fungus utilized cellulose and hemicellulose but not lignin. Substances solubilized from the bark contributed to the growth. The yield was the same on unextracted as on water-extracted bark, although growth was delayed on the former. Growth was rapid and comparable to growth on other polymeric polysaccharides, i.e. starch. Aspergillus fumigatus degraded 32–40% of the polymeric part of the bark within 4 days and with an economic coefficient of about 50%.

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Macroinfauna of northern New England marine sand. II. Amphipod-dominated intertidal communities

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z75-005 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 42-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. A. Croker ◽

R. P. Hager ◽

K. J. Scott

Keyword(s):

New England ◽

Atlantic Coast ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amphipod Species ◽

Species Dominance ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Marine Sand ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Northern New England ◽

Exposed Habitat

This is a 5-year study of macroinfaunal communities of moderately exposed to sheltered intertidal sands of New Hampshire and southwestern Maine. Habitats also differed in slope, width, predominant sand grain size, and carbon–nitrogen concentrations. Thirty-one species were recorded. Abundance and dry weight biomass at four intensively studied habitats averaged 5000/m2 and 2.1 g/m2, respectively, during 1971. The most exposed habitat yielded twice this standing crop, correlated with intermediate levels of carbon and nitrogen. Over 90% of seasonal numbers and biomass at more exposed habitats were attributable to six species of relatively short-lived amphipods, mostly Haustoriidae. Between-habit at variation in abundance and biomass of amphipods was in general greater than seasonal variation within habitats. Polychaete species increased at sheltered habitats, and bivalve mollusks were restricted to shelter. The typical community of moderately exposed sands south of Penobscot Bay, Maine, is characterized by a recurrent group of nine species (five amphipods). Community stability is assisted by brooding habits of dominant amphipods. Zonation, subtidal connections, seasonal movements, and patterns of amphipod species dominance are discussed. Structural comparisons are made with boreal European and other Atlantic coast intertidal sand communities.

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Regulation of Growth and Pigmentation of Monascus purpureus by Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations

Mycologia ◽

10.2307/3759491 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 649 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. C. Wong ◽

Y. C. Lin ◽

P. E. Koehler

Keyword(s):

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Regulation Of Growth

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The carbon and nitrogen ecophysiologies of two endemic tropical orchids mirrors those of their temperate relatives and the local environment

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.160427 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 160427 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicole A. Hynson

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Local Environment ◽

Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Terrestrial Orchids ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Plant Families

Orchids are one of the most widely distributed plant families. However, current research on the ecophysiology of terrestrial orchids is biased towards temperate species. Thus, it is currently unknown whether tropical terrestrial orchids belong to similar trophic guilds as their temperate relatives. To examine the ecophysiologies of two tropical terrestrial orchids, I analysed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions and nitrogen concentrations of the Hawaiian endemics Anoectochilus sandvicensis and Liparis hawaiensis . I compared these values with those of surrounding vegetation and their temperate relatives. I found that A. sandvicensis was consistently enriched in the heavy isotope of nitrogen ( 15 N) and had higher nitrogen (N) concentrations than surrounding vegetation, and these values were even higher than those of its temperate relatives. Carbon stable isotope composition among populations of A. sandvicensis varied by island. These results point to local environment and evolutionary history determining the ecophysiology of this species. Whereas L.hawaiensis was also enriched in 15 N and had on average higher N concentrations than surrounding vegetation, these values were not significantly different from temperate relatives, indicating that evolutionary history may be a stronger predictor of this orchid species' ecophysiology than environment. I suggest that both Hawaiian species are potentially partially mycoheterotrophic.

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