Chemical Profiling, Bioactivity Evaluation and the Discovery of a Novel Biopigment Produced by Penicillium purpurogenum CBS 113139

Biobased pigments are environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic variants with an increased market demand. Production of pigments via fermentation is a promising process, yet optimization of the production yield and rate is crucial. Herein, we evaluated the potential of Penicillium purpurogenum to produce biobased pigments. Optimum sugar concentration was 30 g/L and optimum C:N ratio was 36:1 resulting in the production of 4.1–4.5 AU (namely Pigment Complex A). Supplementation with ammonium nitrate resulted in the production of 4.1–4.9 AU (namely Pigment Complex B). Pigments showed excellent pH stability. The major biopigments in Pigment Complex A were N-threonyl-rubropunctamin or the acid form of PP-R (red pigment), N-GABA-PP-V (violet pigment), PP-O (orange pigment) and monascorubrin. In Pigment Complex B, a novel biopigment annotated as N-GLA-PP-V was identified. Its basic structure contains a polyketide azaphilone with the same carboxyl-monascorubramine base structure as PP-V (violet pigment) and γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA). The pigments were not cytotoxic up to 250 μg/mL.

Characterization of Microbial pigments from a combination of Citrus limon peel and Carica papaya pulp extract by using Penicillium purpurogenum

The present examination was done for assurance of the microbial colors present in the blend of Citrus limon (strip) and Carica papaya (pulp) is the restoratively significant plant having a place with the Rutaceae and Caricaceae family individually. In the present investigation, the concentrate of Citrus limon strip with Carica papaya mash has been exposed to aging by utilizing Pencillium purpurogenum and broke down by explanatory systems. This investigation uncovered that microbial concentrate of Citrus limon and Carica papaya contains Silanediol dimethyl, 3-furaldehyde, 4-hepten-3-one, 3-undecen-5-yne, 3-cyclohexon-ol, 3,4,5-Trimethylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6(1H)-one, N-didehydrohexacarboxyl-2,4,5-trimethylpiperazine, 6,10-Dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylsulfanyl) - 2-aza-spiro [4.5] deca-1,6,9-trien-8-one, 9-octadecenoic corrosive, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, Di-n-octyl phthalate, 2-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)- vinyl]-1-(2-phenoxy-ethyl)- 1h-benzoimidazole, lilial, Cyclohexane, and 3',4',5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone defending the utilization of this plant to treat numerous aliments in society and homegrown prescription.

Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum Reduces Tumor Size and Ameliorates Inflammation in an Erlich Mice Model

Background: This study addresses the antitumoral properties of Penicillium purpurogenum isolated from a polluted lagoon in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: Ethyl Acetate Extracellular Extract (EAE) was used. The metabolites were studied using direct infusion mass spectrometry. The solid Ehrlich tumor model was used for antitumor activity. Female Swiss mice were divided into groups (n = 10/group) as follows: The negative control (CTL−), treated with a phosphate buffered solution; the positive control (CTL+), treated with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg); extract treatments at doses of 4, 20, and 100 mg/kg; animals without tumors or treatments (Sham); and animals without tumors treated with an intermediate dose (EAE20). All treatments were performed intraperitoneally, daily, for 15 days. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and the tumor, lymphoid organs, and serum were used for immunological, histological, and biochemical parameter evaluations. Results: The extract was rich in meroterpenoids. All doses significantly reduced tumor size, and the 20 and 100 mg/kg doses reduced tumor-associated inflammation and tumor necrosis. The extract also reduced the cellular infiltration of lymphoid organs and circulating TNF-α levels. The extract did not induce weight loss or renal and hepatic toxic changes. Conclusions: These results indicate that P. purpurogenum exhibits immunomodulatory and antitumor properties in vivo. Thus, fungal fermentation is a valid biotechnological approach to the production of antitumor agents.

KAJIAN POTENSI EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) SEBAGAI DESINFEKTAN ALAMI TERHADAP JAMUR PADA RUANG PENYIMPANAN SUSU

Morinda citrifolia can be used as a natural disinfectant on the milk storage space because it has an anti-fungal compound. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of Morinda citrifolia extract as a natural disinfectant to fungi in the milk storage room, is reviewed from a decrease in the number of mushrooms and identification of the type of fungi before and after the use of Morinda citrifolia extracts. The study was conducted experimentally using a complete random design (CRD) with four treatments of P0 (without using Morinda citrifolia), P1 (15% concentration of Morinda citrifolia extract), P2 (20% concentration of Morinda citrifolia extract), P3 (concentration 25% of Morinda citrifolia extracts) and six times the replay. The observed is a decrease in the number of fungi, identifying the type of fungi before the use of Morinda citrifolia extract, identification of the type of fungi after the use of Morinda citrifolia extract. The results showed that Morinda citrifolia extract had a noticeable effect on decreasing the number of fungi in the milk storage room, with a consecutive drop percentage of P0 = 25,12%, P1 = 58,12%, P2 = 61,89%, P3 = 70,59%. The result of identification of fungi type on milk storage Chamber is Cephalosporium sp, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Penicillium digitatum, Mucor sp. The decrease in the amount of the type of each fungus is Cephalosporium sp (68,13%), Aspergillus ochraceus (88%), Aspergillus flavu (87,94%), Penicillium purpurogenum (85,71%), Penicillium digitatum (95.73%), Mucor sp (59,57%).

AKTIVITAS ANTI FUNGI PIGMEN MERAH Penicillium purpurogenum TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum

Penicillium purpurogenum is known to be producing red pigment, pigment produced microbial activity, this research aims to demonstrate the activity of red pigment Penicillium purpurogenum antifungi against diameter and number of Fusarium oxysporum colonies, research done in the laboratory of Microbiology Adi Buana Surabaya University. This study used a randomized complete design (RAL) and Penicillium purpurogenum red pigment treatment concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and Ciprofloxacin 1.0%. Each treatment was repeated 4 (four) times, the research was carried out in vitro on medium PDA. The results showed that the red pigment resistance power P. purpurogenum 1.5% a significant effect (P < 0.05) against growth of fungi F. oxysporum and the number of colonies of fungis F. oxysporum compared red pigment resistance power P. purpurogenum 0% and 0.5%. growth of fungi F. oxysporum on PDA media containing pigment red P. purpurogenum 1.5% significant (P < 0.05) smaller than fungi growth F. oxysporum on PDA media containing pigment red P. purpurogenum 0% and 0.5%. Research results can be concluded that use of red pigment of P. purpurogenum can inhibit growth and the number of colonies of fungis F. oxysporum. Keyword: Red pigment, Penicilliumpur purogenum, Antifungi, Fusarium oxysporum.

Fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante do extrato obtido do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum advindo de ambiente marinho poluído do Maranhão

Este artigo objetiva avaliar os fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante do extrato preparado do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum, obtido de um ambiente marinho poluído de São Luís-MA. A pesquisa foi realizada na Laguna da Jansen localizada no município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram realizadas 4 coletas do sedimento no período de maio a setembro de 2017, no período matutino. As amostras foram obtidas de uma profundidade de até 73,5 cm com auxílio de uma draga metálica. A identificação do fungo seguiu metodologias de isolamento e posterior preparo dos extratos com avaliação dos fenólicos totais pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu e atividade antioxidante pelo método de sequestro do radical DPPH. A identificação confirmou a presença de Penicillium purpurogenum. Os extratos de P. purpurogenum variaram na quantificação de fenólicos totais de 791,00 mg EAT.g-1 para extrato FR1 e 650,82 mg EAT.g-1 para o FR2. Na atividade antioxidante, podemos verificar que o EC50 encontrados no extrato FR1 foi de 22,59 μg mL-1 e FR2 39,80 μg mL-1. Concluindo que o extrato FR2 apresentou forte atividade antioxidante enquanto que FR1 apresentou-se muito forte pelo método do radical DPPH.

Triagem fitoquímica de extrato obtido do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum advindo de ambiente marinho poluído do Maranhão

Este artigo objetiva o isolamento, identificação e triagem fitoquímica de um extrato preparado do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum, obtido de um ambiente marinho poluído de São Luís-MA. A pesquisa foi realizada na Laguna da Jansen localizada no município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram realizadas 4 coletas do sedimento no período de maio a setembro de 2017, no período matutino. As amostras foram obtidas de uma profundidade de até 73,5 cm com auxílio de uma draga metálica. A identificação do fungo seguiu metodologias de isolamento e identificação com triagem fitoquímica dos extratos preparados por metodologia de Matos. A identificação confirmou a presença de Penicillium purpurogenum. A triagem fitoquímica dos extratos exibiu a presença de substâncias como: fenóis, alcaloides, triterpenos, flavononas, flavonóis, catequinas, flavonóides e esteróides, sendo de interesse no estudo de atividades biológicas a serem realizadas com os extratos obtidos do fungo em estudo. Por fim, os resultados obtidos neste estudo asseguram uma classe de constituintes químicos, identificados pela triagem fitoquimica, que encorajam estudos de atividades biológicas com os extratos obtidos assegurando um potencial de aplicabilidade do bioproduto.