scholarly journals Watershed Flood Vulnerability Assessment Based Land Subsidence Analysed from a Long Time Period of Sentinel-1 Radar Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
I I Adkhi ◽  
M Karuniasa ◽  
R P Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract Identifying flood vulnerability in an area is part of disaster risk management, especially for mitigating flood events. The level of vulnerability can be recognized from many factors. One of the primary sources of flood vulnerability in urban lowland areas is land subsidence. Sentinel Radar data has been proven to be able to produce land subsidence data accurately. This study was conducted using two Sentinel 1A Radar data acquired on 7 December 2014 and 20 August 2021. Determining the level of flood vulnerability, the analysis of land subsidence is operated at the watershed scale. The highest land subsidence recorded in the Kali Sunter watershed area was 81mm in Kayuputih Village, East Jakarta City. The villages classified as “Extremely Vulnerable” are Sumurbatu in Central Jakarta City, Kayuputih in East Jakarta City in Kelapagading Barat in North Jakarta City and Mekarsari in Depok City.

scholarly journals History of earthquake studies in Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tatevossian
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Tectonic Earthquake ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Knowledge

To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Geospatial Analysis for Flood Vulnerability Assessment: A Case of Dire Dawa Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Habtamu Tamiru ◽  
Megersa O. Dinka
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Geospatial Analysis ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

This study presents the novelty artificial intelligence in geospatial analysis for flood vulnerability assessment in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Flood-causing factors such as rainfall, slope, LULC, elevation NDVI, TWI, SAVI, K-factor, R-factor, river distance, geomorphology, road distance, SPI, and population density were used to train the ANN model. The weights were generated in the ANN model and prioritized. Initial values were randomly assigned to the NN and trained with the feedforward processes. Ground-truthing points collected from the historical flood events of 2006 were used as targeting data during the training. A rough flood hazard map generated in feedforward was compared with the actual data, and the errors were propagated back into the NN with the backpropagation technique, and this step was repeated until a good agreement was made between the result of the GIS-ANN and the historical flood events. The results were overlapped with ground-truthing points at 88.46% and 89.15% agreement during training and validation periods. Therefore, the application of the GIS-ANN for the assessment of flood vulnerable zones for this city and its catchment was successful. The result of this study can also be further considered along with the city and its catchment for practical flood management.

scholarly journals Internet page content analysis of north European Sea ports

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli-Pekka Hilmola ◽  
Andres Tolli ◽  
Ain Kiisler
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This study analyses 98 Internet pages of sea ports located in Sweden, Finland and Estonia during years 2017–2019. Aim of the study is to find, how website basic design is completed (colours and languages), how slogans, environmental issues, statistics and hinterland transports are reported. Based on the analysis, it appears as rather common that sea ports follow conservative selection of colours in their websites, where blue and white are clearly most popular. Typically, English and Swedish are as the most common used language, followed by Finnish, Russian and Estonian. In some rare cases, websites are offered in Chinese or German. Larger sea ports do have clear “slogans”, where smaller ones are just having lengthy justification for their existence. Environmental issues are increasing concern among sea ports, and these are mostly mentioned in details within Swedish actors. Providing statistics varies among companies, and in some sea ports these are provided from very long time period, where in others from just previous years or then only from last year (or even at all). It is common for companies to report that they have sustainable hinterland access, railway available.

scholarly journals Design of Optimal Rainfall Monitoring Network Using Radar and Road Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Taeyong Kwon ◽  
Seongsim Yoon ◽  
Sanghoo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Road Networks ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dam Operation ◽  
A Site ◽  
High Degree

Uncertainty in the rainfall network can lead to mistakes in dam operation. Sudden increases in dam water levels due to rainfall uncertainty are a high disaster risk. In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to configure an appropriate rainfall network that can effectively reflect the characteristics of the watershed. In this study, conditional entropy was used to calculate the uncertainty of the watershed using rainfall and radar data observed from 2018 to 2019 in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds. The results identified radar data suitable for the characteristics of the watershed and proposed a site for an additional rainfall gauge. It is also necessary to select the location of the additional rainfall gauged by limiting the points where smooth movement and installation, for example crossing national borders, are difficult. The proposed site emphasized accessibility and usability by leveraging road information and selecting a radar grid near the road. As a practice result, the uncertainty of precipitation in the Goesan and Hwacheon Dam watersheds could be decreased by 70.0% and 67.9%, respectively, when four and three additional gauge sites were installed without any restriction. When these were installed near to the road, with five and four additional gauge sites, the uncertainty in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds were reduced by up to 71.1%. Therefore, due to the high degree of uncertainty, it is necessary to measure precipitation. The operation of the rainfall gauge can provide a smooth site and configure an appropriate monitoring network.

scholarly journals Ensemble-based flood vulnerability assessment for probable maximum flood in a changing environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 342-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudershan Gangrade ◽  
Shih-Chieh Kao ◽  
Tigstu T. Dullo ◽  
Alfred J. Kalyanapu ◽  
Benjamin L. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Probable Maximum Flood ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

Gonad morphology and gametogenesis in the deep-sea jellyfish Atolla wyvillei and Periphylla periphylla (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) collected from Cape Hatteras and the Gulf of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy H. Lucas ◽  
Adam J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Bell Diameter ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gonad Morphology ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
North Western

Observations on gonad morphology and the structure of ovaries and testes of the coronate scyphozoans Atolla wyvillei and Periphylla periphylla are described based on samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Hatteras (north-western Atlantic). In A. wyvillei, gonads of distinguishable sex were observed in medusae as small as 17 mm bell diameter (BD). Spermatogenesis occurred within follicles (average 366 × 254 μm) that were evenly distributed throughout the gonad. Oocytes in different stages of development were observed in all the females with gonads. Oocytes arise from the gastrodermis and migrate into the mesoglea to develop from early-mid to late vitellogenic oocytes characterized by a large nucleus and granular (organic-rich) cytoplasm. The largest oocytes measured were 543 μm and 263 μm from the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Hatteras respectively. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. In P. periphylla gonads were also initially observed in medusae 17 mm BD, although not all larger medusae had obvious gonads. Unlike A. wyvillei sperm follicles were arranged in long convoluted rows normally only one follicle thick. The organization of ooytes in female P. periphylla was very similar to A. wyvillei, although the gonads were small and the number of oocytes present in each gonad very low (<22). The largest oocyte measured was 777 μm in a 53 mm BD medusa. Although medusae were collected from one time period only (September) in this study, our findings appear to be in agreement with literature evidence indicating that coronate jellyfish produce few eggs continuously over a long time period. Aspects of gonad development and gametogenesis are discussed with respect to potential differences in site productivity and species identification.

Flood vulnerability assessment in the light of rice cultivation characteristics in Mekong River flood plain in Cambodia

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (S2) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Okazumi ◽  
Shigenobu Tanaka ◽  
Youngjoo Kwak ◽  
Badri Bhakta Shrestha ◽  
Ai Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
River Flood ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

scholarly journals Development of COVID-19 vaccines utilizing gene therapy technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakagami
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Time

Abstract There is currently an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Individuals with COVID-19 have symptoms that are usually asymptomatic or mild in most initial cases. However, in some cases, moderate and severe symptoms have been observed with pneumonia. Many companies are developing COVID-19 vaccine candidates using different technologies that are classified into four groups (intact target viruses, proteins, viral vectors and nucleic acids). For rapid development, RNA vaccines and adenovirus vector vaccines have been urgently approved, and their injection has already started across the world. These types of vaccine technologies have been developed over more than 20 years using translational research for use against cancer or diseases caused by genetic disorders but the COVID-19 vaccines are the first licensed drugs to prevent infectious diseases using RNA vaccine technology. Although these vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 for a short period, safety and efficiency evaluations should be continuously monitored over a long time period. As the time of writing, more than 10 projects are now in phase 3 to evaluate the prevention of infection in double-blind studies. Hopefully, several projects may be approved to ensure high-efficiency and safe vaccines.

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