The short-term tsunami forecast

Abstract A brief overview of the methods of a tsunami early warning in the Kuril Islands, which turned out to be ineffective during recent events, is presented. A hydrophysical method for short-term tsunami forecasting based on information about a tsunami in the ocean, used in the United States, and an express method, also using information about a tsunami in the ocean, are briefly described. The results of the retrospective forecast of the tsunami that occured on March 11, 2011, by the express method are presented.

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Short-term forecast of local tsunamis based on data containing seismic noise from deep-ocean stations closest to the sources

Geosystems of Transition Zones ◽

10.30730/gtrz.2020.4.4.447-460.461-473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 447-473

Author(s):

Yu.P. Korolev ◽

◽

P.Yu. Korolev ◽

Keyword(s):

Seismic Noise ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Kuril Islands ◽

Tsunami Source ◽

Short Term ◽

Tsunami Forecast ◽

Ocean Level ◽

Tsunami Travel Time ◽

Tsunami Waveforms ◽

The Kuril Islands

Reliable short-term tsunami forecast on the Kuril Islands when earthquakes occur in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench is the most difficult. Forecasting by the traditional magnitude method often leads to false tsunami alarms. Based on the examples of the events of 2006, 2007 and 2020 on the Kuril Islands, as well as the event of 2018 in Alaska, it was shown that according to the data of the ocean level measuring stations closest to the tsunami source (tsunami travel time is 10–20 minutes) it is possible to adequately predict the tsunami near the coast. Calculations of tsunami waveforms near the coast from data containing seismic noise have shown that the resulting waveforms contain high-frequency oscillations. However, these fluctuations do not interfere with the assessment of the real waveform and the danger of the expected tsunami. In contrast to forecast methods based on the magnitude criterion, the applied method of short-term tsunami forecast makes it possible to calculate the waveform: the amplitudes of the first, maximum waves, their arrival time at a given point and the estimated duration of the tsunami. The proposed method can become a tool that will improve the quality of operational tsunami warning, significantly reducing the number of false tsunami alarms.

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Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-19-00167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1231-1242

Author(s):

Celeste Domsch ◽

Lori Stiritz ◽

Jay Huff

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Study Abroad ◽

Cultural Awareness ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Global Awareness ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Study ◽

Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

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The Future of Muslim Education in the United States: An Agenda for Research

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.524 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 20 (3-4) ◽

pp. 46-82

Author(s):

Fathi Malkawi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

American Education ◽

Future Trends ◽

Muslim Community ◽

Short Term ◽

The Future ◽

Muslim Education ◽

Future Plans

This paper addresses some of the Muslim community’s concerns regarding its children’s education and reflects upon how education has shaped the position of other communities in American history. It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more importantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. The paper identifies some areas in which a wellestablished knowledge base is critical to making decisions, and calls for serious research to be undertaken to furnish this base.

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“Of Sound Mind and Body”

The Oxford Handbook of Children and the Law ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190694395.013.4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-86

Author(s):

Frank E. Vandervort ◽

Vincent J. Palusci

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Social Problem ◽

Drug Testing ◽

The United States ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

Prenatally Exposed ◽

Short Term ◽

Mind And Body ◽

Sound Mind

Substance abuse is a major medical and social problem. Estimates suggest that each year some 15 percent of the 4 million babies born in the United States are exposed to drugs or alcohol. Research demonstrates that exposure to these substances is harmful to the children in both the short term and across their developmental trajectory. This chapter summarizes the harms that might result from such prenatal exposure and considers the ways that both federal and state law respond to this. The chapter argues for universal drug testing of newborns in an effort to ascertain whether they have been prenatally exposed to such substances so that treatment and other services can be provided.

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Decline in Marriage Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023120980328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 237802312098032

Author(s):

Brandon G. Wagner ◽

Kate H. Choi ◽

Philip N. Cohen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Short Term ◽

Know How ◽

The Social ◽

Reporting Delays ◽

Social Upheaval ◽

Near Future ◽

Do So

In the social upheaval arising from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we do not yet know how union formation, particularly marriage, has been affected. Using administration records—marriage certificates and applications—gathered from settings representing a variety of COVID-19 experiences in the United States, the authors compare counts of recorded marriages in 2020 against those from the same period in 2019. There is a dramatic decrease in year-to-date cumulative marriages in 2020 compared with 2019 in each case. Similar patterns are observed for the Seattle metropolitan area when analyzing the cumulative number of marriage applications, a leading indicator of marriages in the near future. Year-to-date declines in marriage are unlikely to be due solely to closure of government agencies that administer marriage certification or reporting delays. Together, these findings suggest that marriage has declined during the COVID-19 outbreak and may continue to do so, at least in the short term.

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