the kuril islands
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2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
I. A. Ekimova

A new species of the family Coryphellidae, Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Kuril Islands, NorthWest Pacific, from the upper sublittoral to 200 m depth. An integrative analysis was conducted, including a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on four markers (COI, 16S, H3, 28S), an automatic species delimitation method ABGD, and an analysis of the external and internal morphology using light and scanning electron microcopy. The distinctiveness of Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is well established both morphologically and genetically, and it differs from externally similar species in radular characters. Phylogenetically Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is closely related to Coryphella trophina, which occurs sympatrically in the same geographic and bathymetric ranges. Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. appears to be restricted to the middle and northern Kuril Islands, which is consistent with the high numbers of endemic taxa in this area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
И.А. Усатов ◽  
В.Н. Бурканов

The diet of Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus was studied based on undigested food parts found in feces collected in the summer season on 20 rookeries in the Russian Far East. A total of 915 samples were analyzed between 2004 and 2008, in which 65 food items were identified. The frequency of occurrence of 11 diet items was greater than 5%, including Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius (64.8%), Pollock Theragra chalcogramma (44.3%), Pacific salmon Salmonidae (20.5%), Irish lord Hemilepidotus sp. (20.4%), Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus (15.8%), Pacific herring Clupea pallasi (9.5%), Squid and Octopus Cephalopoda (8.4%), Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (5, 9%), Pacific sandfish Trichodon trichodon (5.9%), Flatfishes Pleuronectidae (5.8%), Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculaeatus (4.9%). Three regions with different diets were identified – the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka with the Commander Islands. In the Sea of Okhotsk, Pollock and Herring (83.6% by frequency of occurrence) dominated among undigested food remains in feces. The diet at the Kuril Islands rookeries was variable within the region. The general pattern was a low diversity of diet at each Kuril Island sites and predominance of 1-3 food items, probably the most accessible near the sites (Pollock, Squid and Octopus, Atka mackerel, Pacific salmon). The diet pattern in Kamchatka and the Commander Islands in the summer season was characterized by a high diet diversity. In contrast to other regions, the diet includes in high proportion small non-commercial species – Sand lance, Irish lord, Pacific sandfish, Flatfishes, Threespine stickleback and others. The regional patterns of sea lion diets show the spatial distribution and areas of abundant biomass of the main food items. The diet patterns of sea lions from rookeries differed from haulouts in having a higher content of abundant food items. Long-term changes in diet structure were not statistically significant.


2021 ◽  
Vol 946 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Yu P Korolev

Abstract A brief overview of the methods of a tsunami early warning in the Kuril Islands, which turned out to be ineffective during recent events, is presented. A hydrophysical method for short-term tsunami forecasting based on information about a tsunami in the ocean, used in the United States, and an express method, also using information about a tsunami in the ocean, are briefly described. The results of the retrospective forecast of the tsunami that occured on March 11, 2011, by the express method are presented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 946 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
D N Kozlov

Abstract This paper presents generalized modern data on the location, morphometry, and genesis of the largest lake basins of the Kuril Islands, obtained in a series of expeditions of the laboratory of volcanology and volcanic hazard of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS in 2005–2020. The data is supplemented with modern geoinformation open access resources. A sample of the largest of 1099 Kuril lakes has been made according to the areal criterion, thus, 20 objects have been included in the list of studied water bodies, which are represented by 7 volcanic and 13 lagoon lakes. The considered lakes are clearly divided according to genesis, area and height of the mirror, maximum depth, as well as the ratio of the main morphometric characteristics. This information is part of a database currently being created on the largest lakes in the region.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-81
Author(s):  
Oksana Yanshina ◽  

The burial ground located on a bank of Tankovoye Lake (Kuibyshevskoye) is one of the key sites in the archaeology of the Kuril Islands. This is due not only to the fact that huge archaeological collections reflecting all stages of peopling of the region have been collected here over many years of excavations but also to the fact that this burial ground still remains the only object of this kind throughout the entire islands chain. Moreover, apart of the burials themselves, the stone burial structures, which have not yet been recorded on other sites of the Kuril Islands, but have analogies in the Jōmon culture, were also revealed at the site. Interest in this site is also enhanced by recent genetic studies, which unexpectedly demonstrated a high level of genetic similarity of a person buried here with modern Koryaks and Itelmens. At the same time, despite the site’s uniqueness, it is heavily underrepresented in available scientific publications. Information about it can be found only in the field reports and in few the hard-to-reach regional publications. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview of all data gathered at this site. It is based on the field reports, data from the private archive of Y. Knorozov, museum collections of the Sakhalin Regional Museum, and on the results of the author’s own research as well. Summing up the outcomes of long-term researches, we have to state that the site’s unique objects remain almost unexplored. For many years, studies here were limited to visual examination, cleaning up of the dune opening, and surface artifact gathering. Therefore, the nature of the burial objects found at the site might be recognized only in the most general terms. Their cultural affiliation also remains questionable. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the early Epi-Jōmon epoch is most powerfully represented near the lake, while the bulk of the ceramics collected here belongs to the later stage of this epoch (in accordance with archaeological data from Hokkaido). In addition, artifacts of Middle and Final Jōmon, Okhotsk culture, Satsumon-Tobinitai culture, and Ainu are presented here as well. Presumably, people could bury their dead here during the epochs of Final Jōmon, Epi-Jōmon and, possibly, the Okhotsk culture.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12336
Author(s):  
Anatolii Komisarenko ◽  
Vladimir Mordukhovich ◽  
Irina Ekimova ◽  
Andrey Imbs

Gastropod molluscs such as nudibranchs are important members of deep-sea benthic ecosystems. However, data on the trophic ecology and feeding specialization of these animals are limited to date. The method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) was applied to determine the dietary preferences of nudibranchs off the Kuril Islands. Fatty acid (FA) compositions of Dendronotus sp., Tritonia tetraquetra, and Colga pacifica collected from deep waters were analyzed and compared with those of Aeolidia papillosa and Coryphella verrucosa from the offshore zone. The high level of FATM such as 22:5n-6 and C20 monounsaturated FAs indicated that Dendronotus sp. preys on sea anemones and/or anthoathecates hydroids similarly to that of shallow-water species A. papillosa and C. verrucosa. The high percentage of tetracosapolyenoic acids and the ratio 24:6n-3/24:5n-6 indicated that T. tetraquetra preys on soft corals such as Gersemia and/or Acanella at a depth of 250 m, but soft corals of the family Primnoidae may be the main item in the diet of T. tetraquetra at a depth of 500 m. The high content of Δ 7,13-22:2 and 22:6n-3 shows that C. pacifica can feed on bryozoans. In C. pacifica, 22:5n-6 may be synthesized intrinsically by the mollusks, whereas odd-chain and branched saturated FAs originate from associated bacteria.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254686
Author(s):  
Brie A. Drummond ◽  
Rachael A. Orben ◽  
Aaron M. Christ ◽  
Abram B. Fleishman ◽  
Heather M. Renner ◽  
...  

Knowledge of non-breeding distributions is a crucial component to seabird conservation, as conditions during the non-breeding period can play an important role in regulating seabird populations. Specifically, if seabirds from different colonies share the same wintering grounds, conditions in that shared region could have a widespread impact on multiple breeding populations. Red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris) are endemic to the Bering Sea and may be especially susceptible to effects of climate change due to a restricted breeding range, small population size, and specialized diet. To examine whether red-legged kittiwakes from different breeding colonies overlapped in winter distribution and activity patterns, we used geolocation loggers to simultaneously track individuals from the two largest red-legged kittiwake breeding colonies in Alaska (separated by over 1000 km) during two consecutive non-breeding periods. We found that non-breeding activity patterns were generally similar between birds originating from the two colonies, but birds employed different migratory strategies during the early winter. Kittiwakes from Buldir Island in the western Aleutian Islands left the colony in September and immediately headed west, spending October through December around the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands. In contrast, birds from St. George Island in the Pribilof Islands remained in the eastern Bering Sea or around the eastern Aleutian Islands for a couple months before traveling farther west. During late winter however, from January through March, birds from both colonies converged south of Kamchatka and east of the Kuril Islands over the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and in the Western Subarctic Gyre before returning to their respective colonies in the spring. This late winter overlap in distributions along the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench suggests the region is a winter hotspot for red-legged kittiwakes and highlights the importance of this region for the global kittiwake population.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4995 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-280
Author(s):  
ELENA G. PANINA ◽  
VADIM G. STEPANOV ◽  
ALEXANDER V. MARTYNOV

A new species, Psolidium kharlamenkoi n. sp. (Echinodermata: Dendrochirotida: Psolidae) is described from the Kuril Islands. The new species is distinguished from all previously described species of the genus Psolidium by combination of the external features, ossicles morphology and coloration.  


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