Diurnal microclimate profile in tropical coastal built environment (case: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung campus area, Semarang)

The aim of the study is to analyze the response of the Earth magnetosphere for various space weather conditions and model the effect of interplanetary coronal mass ejections. The magnetopause stand off distance, open-closed field lines boundary and plasma flows towards the planet surface are investigated. We use the MHD code PLUTO in spherical coordinates to perform a parametric study regarding the dynamic pressure and temperature of the solar wind as well as the interplanetary magnetic field intensity and orientation. The range of the parameters analyzed extends from regular to extreme space weather conditions consistent with coronal mass ejections at the Earth orbit. The direct precipitation of the solar wind on the Earth day side at equatorial latitudes is extremely unlikely even during super coronal mass ejections. For example, the SW precipitation towards the Earth surface for a IMF purely oriented in the Southward direction requires a IMF intensity around 1000 nT and the SW dynamic pressure above 350 nPa, space weather conditions well above super-ICMEs. The analysis is extended to previous stages of the solar evolution considering the rotation tracks from Carolan (2019). The simulations performed indicate an efficient shielding of the Earth surface 1100 Myr after the Sun enters in the main sequence. On the other hand, for early evolution phases along the Sun main sequence once the Sun rotation rate was at least 5 times faster (< 440 Myr), the Earth surface was directly exposed to the solar wind during coronal mass ejections (assuming today&#180;s Earth magnetic field). Regarding the satellites orbiting the Earth, Southward and Ecliptic IMF orientations are particularly adverse for Geosynchronous satellites, partially exposed to the SW if the SW dynamic pressure is 8-14 nPa and the IMF intensity 10 nT. On the other hand, Medium orbit satellites at 20000 km are directly exposed to the SW during Common ICME if the IMF orientation is Southward and during Strong ICME if the IMF orientation is Earth-Sun or Ecliptic. The same way, Medium orbit satellites at 10000 km are directly exposed to the SW if a Super ICME with Southward IMF orientation impacts the Earth.This work was supported by the project 2019-T1/AMB-13648 founded by the Comunidad de Madrid, grants ERC WholeSun, Exoplanets A and PNP. We extend our thanks to CNES for Solar Orbiter, PLATO and Meteo Space science support and to INSU/PNST for their financial support.

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Analyzing of UV Index with the Time Variation for Baghdad

Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research ◽

10.53523/ijoirvol8i1id32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Ahmed Alwan ◽

Ahmed Hameed ◽

Nuha Hamad

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Solar Zenith Angle ◽

Optical Path ◽

The Sun ◽

Earth Surface ◽

Uv Index ◽

The Earth ◽

Daily Data ◽

Surface Measurements ◽

One Year

In order to better realize the effects of UV index (UVI) reaching the earth surface, measurements of effective UVI were carried out during the period of one year over Baghdad; (Lat.33.32- Long.44.45), which receives highly amounts of annual solar radiation. A daily data analysis of UVI is found to reach the highest value during summer reaching the value of 11, and a minimum in winter with the value of 1. A relation between UV index and the solar zenith angle was also, it is found that the UVI is highly dependent on the sun elevation where the atmospheric optical path becomes shorter as sun elevation heighten. It can be concluded that Baghdad city exposure to higher amounts of UVI during summer and several hedges must be taken to avoid health harm implications.

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Cubesat attitude determination

10.32920/ryerson.14647989 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Surface Area ◽

Attitude Determination ◽

Solar Array ◽

The Sun ◽

Earth Surface ◽

Atmospheric Drag ◽

Solar Winds ◽

The Earth ◽

Specific Orientation

When satellites are placed in orbit, often times a specific orientation is required to achieve mission purposes. Different factors (such as atmospheric drag, magnetic fields, solar winds) or tumbling upon deployment from the launch vehicle, may result in an undesirable satellite orientation. To address these challenges, the ability to control the orientation, termed as attitude determination, becomes critical to any mission. This thesis will focus on developing an earth-pointing and sun-pointing mode in order to meet the objectives of the ESSENCE CubeSat. The earth-pointing mode orients the vehicle to point towards a desired target on the earth surface, and the sun-pointing mode orients the vehicle such that the maximum solar array surface area is exposed to the sun when the vehicle is out of eclipse.

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Cubesat attitude determination

10.32920/ryerson.14647989.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Surface Area ◽

Attitude Determination ◽

Solar Array ◽

The Sun ◽

Earth Surface ◽

Atmospheric Drag ◽

Solar Winds ◽

The Earth ◽

Specific Orientation

When satellites are placed in orbit, often times a specific orientation is required to achieve mission purposes. Different factors (such as atmospheric drag, magnetic fields, solar winds) or tumbling upon deployment from the launch vehicle, may result in an undesirable satellite orientation. To address these challenges, the ability to control the orientation, termed as attitude determination, becomes critical to any mission. This thesis will focus on developing an earth-pointing and sun-pointing mode in order to meet the objectives of the ESSENCE CubeSat. The earth-pointing mode orients the vehicle to point towards a desired target on the earth surface, and the sun-pointing mode orients the vehicle such that the maximum solar array surface area is exposed to the sun when the vehicle is out of eclipse.

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The spatial variation of solar radiation in Iraq

ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36473/ujhss.v224i2.285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 224 (2) ◽

pp. 357-378

Author(s):

Dr. Firas Fadel Mahdi Al Bayati

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Spatial Variation ◽

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

The Sun ◽

Earth Surface ◽

The Earth

The solar radiation is a group of ethereal radiation emitted from the sun and it travels in the space in the form of the electromagnetic waves of about 300000KM/SEC light space. The solar radiation is regarded as the main source of energy in the atmosphere that contributes of more than (99.97) parentage of this exploited energy by the atmosphere on the earth surface. The solar energy is responsible for all the processes that occur in the atmosphere and earth surface, clouds and rains, etc. Consequently, it controls the climate and life on the earth. Because of the earth is far away from the sun. The earth receives quite little ratio of its heat amounting to 200 million and it stops all the biological and natural aspect of the energy on the earth.

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Seti Space Missions

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100015372 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 761-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claudio Maccone

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Space Missions ◽

Gravitational Lens ◽

The Sun ◽

Space Antenna ◽

Focal Distance ◽

Large Space ◽

The Earth ◽

Space Antennas ◽

New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

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