scholarly journals Determining the predictive reliability of the water meters using the failure rate estimation. Case study - single jet cold water meter

2018 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
M R Clinciu ◽  
R Clinciu
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rate Estimation ◽  
Single Jet ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Meter

scholarly journals Metrological performance of single-jet water meters over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Carmen Virginia Palau ◽  
Juan Manzano ◽  
Iban Balbastre Peralta ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Guilherme Vieira do Bomfim
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Metrological Operation ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Single Jet ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Over Time

To maintain quality measurement of water consumption, it is necessary to know the metrology of single-jet water meters over time. Knowing the accuracy of these instruments over time allows establishing a metrological operation period for different flow rates. This will aid water companies to optimize management and reduce economic losses due to unaccounted water consumption. This study analyzed the influence of time on the measurement error of single-jet water meters to evaluate the deterioration of the equipment and, with that, launch the metrological operation period. According to standards 8316 and 4064 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 808 meters of metrological Class B were evaluated in six water supplies, with age ranges of 3.7 to 16.4 years of use. The measurement error was estimated by comparing the volume measured in a calibrated tank with the volume registered by the meters at flow rates of 30, 120, 750 and 1,500 L h-1. The metrological operation period of the meters was obtained for each flow rate by the relation between error of measurement and time of use (simple linear regression). According to the results, the majority of the equipment presents increasing under-registration errors over time, more pronounced at low flow rates and with less favorable operating conditions. The metrological operation period for flow rates of 30, 120, 750 and 1,500 L h-1 is estimated at approximately 3, 8, 14 and 13 years. This operation period combined with consumption patterns of users will establish the best time to replace the meters.

Reducing failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of insulator using Six Sigma methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshak A. Desai ◽  
Aurangzeb Javed Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sigma Level ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing

PurposeThis paper, a case study, aims to illustrate the application of Six Sigma in a small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the empirical application of DMAIC methodology to reduce failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of one of the most critical products, insulator.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is based on primary data collected from a real-life situation prevailing in the industry. The case study methodology adopted here is at one small-scale unit wherein the authors have applied DMAIC methodology and observed and recorded the improvement results, especially, reduction in failure rate at HV testing of insulator and, thus, increase in Sigma level.FindingsThe results found after implementation of the solutions are very significant. The rejection percentage has been reduced from 0.5 to 0.1 percent and consequently the Sigma level has been improved from 4.4 to 5.0.Research limitations/implicationsThis success story can be a guiding roadmap for other such industries to successfully implement Six Sigma to improve quality, productivity and profitability.Practical implicationsThis case study will serve as one of the resource bases for the industries which have till not implemented Six Sigma and benefited from the same.Social implicationsImproved quality and productivity leads to better economy. This case will help industries to serve the society with better economy with improved quality and productivity.Originality/valueThough ceramic industries in India are having enormous potential for growth, majority of them, especially, small and medium industries are either not aware of or not implementing Six Sigma to reap its multidimensional benefits of improving quality, productivity and profitability. This study highlights the benefits reaped by small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry opening up the avenues for its application at other such organizations.

Wood modification with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Emmerich ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss (ML) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.

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