Experimental test of concrete plate deflection on soft soil improved by prefabricated vertical drain

Construction, buildings and infrastructure founded on soft clays are often affected by settlement problem. Therefore, Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) is one of the best solutions to accelerate soil consolidation by shortening the drainage path. In this study, numerical investigation was carried out to pursue a better understanding of the consolidation behavior of soft clay improved with PVD. The consolidation process accelerated by PVD with surcharge of 50 kPa was analysed using the ABAQUS software by adopting an elastic model. The aim of this study is to compare the settlement and the required time to fully consolidate the soft soil at different drain spacings (1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m) for two different thickness of the clay layer. The results shows that the time required to completely consolidate the soft soil for 12 m and 20 m thickness of clay layer with different spacings are in the range of 3 months to 66 months. The settlement rate and excess pore water pressure dissipation are increased when the spacing of the drain closer.

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Consolidation behavior of dredged ultra-soft soil improved with prefabricated vertical drain at the Mae Moh mine, Thailand

Geotextiles and Geomembranes ◽

10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.03.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 561-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dong Huy Ngo ◽

Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽

Apichat Suddeepong ◽

Menglim Hoy ◽

Artit Udomchai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Soil ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Mae Moh ◽

Consolidation Behavior

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PENGARUH JARAK DAN POLA PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD) PADA PERBAIKAN TANAH LEMPUNG LUNAK = EFFECT OF DISTANCE AND PATTERN OF PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SOFT CLAY SOIL

Majalah ilmiah Pengkajian Industri ◽

10.29122/mipi.v10i1.102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Wimpie Agoeng Noegroho Aspara ◽

Eka Nur Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Clay Soil ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Analytical Calculation ◽

Drainage System ◽

Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽

Consolidation Process ◽

Foundation Soil ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain

AbstractIf a structure for reasons of technical, economic, social, or startegic is to be builtÂ on a soft ground, then there are usually two problems to be solved, namely theÂ low geotechnical bearing capacity and large soil deformation with sometimesÂ differential settlement. Pre-compression is a foundation soil compression processÂ with the provision of temporary loading (preloading) before actually constructing aÂ building. Pre-fabricated vertical drain is a synthetic drainage system installedÂ vertically inside soft soil layers. Soil condition at the project activity is a relativelyÂ very soft clay soil with relatively high coefficient of consolidation resulting in veryÂ long period of consolidation process. Therefore, it is needed advance soilÂ improvement by prealoding of pre-fabricated vertical drain. Spacings of installedÂ PVD vary, those are 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, and 200 cm with a pattern ofÂ triangles and rectangles. Based on the analytical calculation, it is resulted thatÂ optimum PVD distance to achieve 90% consolidation is 150 cm with a triangularÂ pattern. The time of consolidation was achieved within four months.Â AbstrakKetika suatu struktur karena alasan-alasan teknis, ekonomi, sosial, atau strategisÂ terpaksa didirikan di atas tanah lunak, maka biasanya ada dua masalah geoteknikÂ yang harus dipecahkan yaitu daya dukung yang rendah dan penurunan sertaÂ beda penurunan yang besar. Prakompresi adalah suatu proses pemampatanÂ tanah pondasi dengan jalan pemberian pembebanan sementaraÂ (prabeban/preloading) sebelum konstruksi yang sesungguhnya didirikan. PrefabricatedÂ vertical drain (PVD) adalah sistem drainase buatan yang dipasangÂ vertikal di dalam lapisan tanah lunak. Kondisi tanah di lokasi kegiatan relatifÂ sangat lunak dengan koefisien konsolidasi relatif sangat tinggi mengakibatkanÂ proses konsolidasi berjalan relatif sangat lama. Untuk itu diperlukan perbaikanÂ tanah terlebih dahulu dengan prealoading menggunakan PVD. Jarak spasi antarÂ PVD yang dipasang bervaiasi yaitu 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, dan 200 cm denganÂ pola konfigurasi segitiga dan segiempat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan secaraÂ analitis didapatkan jarak optimum PVD untuk mencapai konsolidasi 90% adalahÂ 150 cm dengan pola segitiga dengan proses konsolidasi dicapai selama waktuÂ penurunan 4 bulan.

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EVALUASI KINERJA VERTICAL DRAIN PADA PROYEK JALAN TOL DI SUMATERA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK KONSOLIDASI

JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil ◽

10.24912/jmts.v0i0.11080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Erika Oktavia ◽

Andryan Suhendra

Keyword(s):

Pore Water ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drains ◽

Vertical Drains ◽

Model Soil ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

The Difference

Over time, there has been more development, this has made less land for development. However, development still has to go on. One of the infrastructure that is currently needed is toll roads to increase the efficiency of movement from one place to another. One of the serious problems at this time is that many soils have small bearing capacity and large settlement, for example, such as soft soil. In order for this model soil to have a stable condition, the solution is loaded so that the pore water from the soil can be pressed out. However, it takes a long time to achieve the desired settlement, here the prefabricated vertical drain method is used to accelerate the settlement. Prefabricated vertical drain here makes the distance between the pore water that was previously thick as soft soil, to half the distance between prefabricated vertical drains. The analysis calculation in this thesis uses the one dimensional consolidation method, the finite element method, and the asaoka method as the calculation of the actual results from field data. The results of this study found that the difference in the degree of consolidation between the theoretical calculations and the Asaoka method was 3.4303%.

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Physical Model Test for Soft Soil With or Without Prefabricated Vertical Drain with Loading

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-03091116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 1809

Author(s):

Dao Huu Do ◽

Nguyen Thi Phuong Khue ◽

Phan Khac Hai

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Physical Model ◽

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Physical Model Test ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Before And After

The paper builds a physical model of testing in the laboratory with the parametric tempered glass box 0.5 0.5 1.2 m (length width depth) containing saturated clay to study the settlement and consolidation when loading increased gradually over time. The research covers herein to present the monitoring of settlement and pore water pressure, settlement calculation, numerical simulation using PLAXIS software V8.2 based on the results of soil physical and mechanical tests before and after loading in case of having or not prefabricated vertical drain (PVD). In case of no PVD, the calculation and numerical simulation using the soil parameters before loading have the differential settlement from the monitoring data, approximately 3.86 mm (10.45%), 0.41 mm (1.11%) respectively. Meanwhile, the deviation in the case using data after loading is about 2.29 mm (6.20%), 0.21 mm (0.56%) respectively. In case of PVD, the calculation and numerical simulation with the testing result of before loading deviation from the settlement monitoring by subsidence meter is 2.91 mm (7.88%), 44.42 mm (120.28%), calculation and simulation with the testing result of after loading deviation is 0.80 mm (2.17%), 1.26 mm (3.41%). In the case of having PVD, the difference in calculation, subsidence observation, and numerical simulation between the mechanical properties before and after loading is significant, when using the mechanical data after loading then the results are quite close to the subsidence of observation and simulation rather than before loading.

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Consolidation in Soft Soil – Case Study on Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs)

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149502115010310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 310-319

Author(s):

Nadarasa Kuganeswaran ◽

Afikah Rahim ◽

Nazri Ali

Keyword(s):

Ground Improvement ◽

Soft Soil ◽

3D Analysis ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drains ◽

Vertical Drains ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Improvement Method ◽

Plaxis 3D

Background: Constructing on soft ground is one of the challenges of geotechnical engineering. The unpredictable behaviour and characteristics of soft soil can cause much damage resulting in high maintenance costs in the post-construction phase. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyse the consolidation process and ground improvement method using surcharge and a prefabricated vertical drain by measuring the accuracy of the prediction settlement value with the actual site settlement results. Methods: An effective ground improvement method is the application of a surcharge and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). Various methods can be used to predict the settlement effectively, one such method being PLAXIS 3D simulation. A case study on ground improvement works was selected for this research, where PVDs were constructed and implemented at the site. A few undisturbed samples were collected from the site to generate the parameters based on the lab test conducted in the simulation process. This parameter was carefully studied and representing the principal input for the 3D model, which is generated and represents the actual ground improvement method for the selected case study. The analysis was performed using a borehole and soft soil model to generate the diagram. The prediction settlement value was generated from the PLAXIS 3D analysis as the baseline comparing to the actual results. The factors that influence the settlement value, such as the length and spacing of the prefabricated vertical drain, construction method, and soil characteristics, are also discussed. Results: A predicted settlement of 2553 mm was generated by the simulation, while the actual settlement outcome at the site was 2096 mm, a difference of 457 mm, and a prediction accuracy of 82.1%. Conclusion: The study found that the combination of surcharge and prefabricated vertical drain in the ground improvement worked well. Also, discussed were the factors that influenced the accuracy of the prediction and the site results.

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APPLICATION OF SUPER BOARD DRAIN (SBD) TO REPLACE THE SAND MAT IN SOFT SOIL TREATMENT BY USING PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD) WITH PRELOADING METHOD

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v12i18.2386 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 76-84

Author(s):

Phan Vo ◽

Giang Thien Nguyen

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Construction Project ◽

Soil Treatment ◽

Horizontal Drain ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Horizontal Drainage ◽

Preloading Method ◽

East West

The report will introduce a new technology using Prefabricated Horizontal Drain (called Super Board Drain -SBD) which is replaced for Sand Mat in soft soil treatment by using Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) with preloading method and sand filled layer (Sand Mat) designed as the horizontal drainage for PVD through East-West Highway Construction Project.

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THE ANALYSIS OF HORIZONTAL DRAIN DESIGN IN SOFT SOIL REINCFORCEMENT

CERUCUK ◽

10.20527/crc.v3i1.1103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Hafiz Firmansyah ◽

M. Afief Ma'ruf

Keyword(s):

Soft Soil ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Quality Cost ◽

Horizontal Drain ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Access Road ◽

Port Access ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Horizontal Drainage

To help the process of consolidation of the soil, On the port access road Trisakti using Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) materials. Of the work (PVD) thing to note is the horizontal drainage, because it was feared the absence of Horizontal Drain work item function of PVD become non-optimal even it might does not work, so the necessary design analysis of Horizontal Drain that can be used on the project. Analysis of Horizontal Drain design is intended to get the Horizontal Drain design alternatives the most optimal based on quality, cost and time.The methods used in the analysis of the design of Horizontal Drain this is a soft soil improvement method using PVD with attention to soil degradation and the planning of the heap.In the design of the installation of PVD method using static, obtained the degree of consolidation of 90% takes 9.33 months. The calculation of Horizontal Drain in the discharge value must be in flush in one horizontal drain line is (minimum permeability). From the results of the analysis there is some material horizontal drain of qualified (in terms of time, cost and quality of workmanship) then get : Rough sand (10.93, Rp. 24.050.000.000,-, and 9.4 months), Fine sand (16.24, Rp-16,835,000,000.0, and 9.4 months), PHD (Horizontal Prefabricated Drain) (74.01, Rp-13,101,140,000.0, and 5.6 months) so that it can be concluded that the material PHD (Horizontal Prefabricated Drain) the most efficient in terms of quality, cost, and time. Keywords: Consolidation, Degrees of consolidation, Horizontal Drain, Preloading, Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD), Prefabricated Horizontal Drain (PHD).

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ANALISIS PENGARUH METODE PERBAIKAN TANAH VACUUM PRELOADING TERHADAP STRUKTUR ABUTMENT DI SEKITARNYA

JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil ◽

10.24912/jmts.v0i0.12568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 641

Author(s):

Steven Djunawan ◽

Andryan Suhendra

Keyword(s):

Soft Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Lateral Movement ◽

Vacuum Preloading ◽

Consolidation Process ◽

Distance Analysis ◽

Vertical Drain ◽

Prefabricated Vertical Drain ◽

Long Time

Soft soil in Indonesia is problematic in infrastructure development because of its low bearing capacity and takes a long time to consolidate. In general, the method used to overcome soft soil is vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drain, PVD. The purpose of the initial loading is to consolidate the soft soil layer with a load equal to or greater than the soil load during and after construction. Meanwhile, vertical can support the consolidation process. However, this method can also cause lateral movement which also affects the area outside the repair. Thus, it is necessary to model the influence distance analysis from the circumference of the repair area outside the repair. Analysis and modeling using 2D finite program elements that will be compared with results in field. The results of the comparison of the settlement for 260 days shows a different chart pattern but a corresponding final settlement. The modeling shows that the largest influence distance due to the lateral movement is cell 2, which is 11,23mTanah lunak di Indonesia menjadi problematika pada pembangunan infrastruktur dikarenakan daya dukung yang rendah serta memakan waktu penurunan konsolidasi yang lama. Pada umumnya, perbaikan tanah yang digunakan untuk mengatasi tanah lunak adalah vacuum preloading yang dikombinasikan dengan prefabricated vertical drain, PVD. Tujuan pembebanan awal adalah untuk mengkonsolidasikan lapisan tanah lunak dengan beban sama atau lebih besar dari beban tanah selama dan setelah konstruksi. Sementara drainase vertikal dapat mempercepat proses konsolidasi. Namun, metode ini juga dapat penyebabkan pergerakan lateral yang juga mempengaruhi area diluar perbaikan. Sehingga, dibutuhkan pemodelan analisis jarak pengaruh dari keliling daerah perbaikan ke daerah luar perbaikan. Analisis dan pemodelan menggunakan program elemen hingga 2D yang akan dibandingkan dengan hasil lapangan. Hasil perbandingan penurunan selama 260 hari menunjukan pola grafik yang berbeda namun penurunan akhir yang sesuai. Pemodelan menunjukan jarak pengaruh terbesar akibat pergerakan lateral berada pada cell 2 yaitu 11,23m.

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