Preoperative Oral Administration of Kikyo-To, a Kampo Medicine, Alleviates Postoperative Sore Throat: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Study

Introductions: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a commonly seen adverse event after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Dexamethasone, a potent corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory action is the most popular steroid studied in this regard with positive results. Methods: This randomized, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on one hundred and ten adult patients of either sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I & II, undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation. After obtaining written informed consent, they were randomly divided into Control (A, n=55) and Dexamethasone (B, n=55) groups and received either an injection of Dexamethasone (Group B) 8 mg intravenously or an equivalent volume of Normal Saline (Group A) just before entering the operating theatre. All the patients received a similar anesthesia with endotracheal tube intubation and at the end of surgery, extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. The incidence and severity of sore throat were assessed at 1, 6 and 24 hours post-extubation. Severity of sore throat were graded on a 4 point scale, p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Incidence of POST in Dexamethasone group was found significantly low compared to the control group up to six hours (p<0.05) but was comparable at 24 hours post extubation. Severity of POST in the study group was of lower grade in compare to control group. Conclusions: Prophylactic intravenous Dexamethasone 8 mg administered to patients undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation significantly reduces the incidence and severity of POST up to six hours post-extubation.

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A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Licorice Versus Sugar-Water Gargle for Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat and Postextubation Coughing

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/ane.0b013e318299a650 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 614-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Kurt Ruetzler ◽

Michael Fleck ◽

Sabine Nabecker ◽

Kristina Pinter ◽

Gordian Landskron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind ◽

Sugar Water ◽

Blind Comparison

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A Comparative Study of Three Nebulized Medications for the Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat in the Pediatric Population

The Open Anesthesia Journal ◽

10.2174/2589645801812010085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raham Hasan Mostafa ◽

Ashraf Nabil Saleh ◽

Mostafa Mansour Hussein

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind ◽

Medication Delivery ◽

Vital Component

Background: The delivery of aerosolized drugs is a vital component of treatment for many respiratory disorders. We used this mode of medication delivery as a pre-emptive strategy to alleviate a Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) in children receiving general anesthesia. Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to compare the effects of prophylactic ketamine, magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone nebulization, on the intensity of POST. Methods: Through a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, data were collected from children (6-16 years) undergoing surgeries from March 2018 to May 2018. The patients were allocated into 3 equivalent groups (36 patients each). Preoperative nebulization was performed for all patients. Group M received 40 mg/kg magnesium sulphate, group K received 1 mg/kg ketamine, and group D received 0.16 mg dexamethasone. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence and intensity of POST at the 4th postoperative hour. The secondary outcomes included evaluation of adverse effects specifically nausea, vomiting, postoperative cough and postoperative sedation. Results: Patients in the K group had the lowest incidence of POST compared to patients in groups M and D, specifically, at the 4th - postoperative hour (p-value = 0.003). Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with ketamine was more effective in reducing the intensity of POST in pediatric patients postoperatively without systemic adverse effects.

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Comparison of nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine in postoperative sore throat

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171515 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1579 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sunita Jain ◽

Hari Prasad Bendwal ◽

Sarita Gohiya ◽

Neil Alwani ◽

Santosh Pancholi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Endotracheal Intubation ◽

Postoperative Morbidity ◽

Point Scale ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Hemodynamic Variable ◽

Double Blind ◽

Patient Dissatisfaction ◽

A Minor ◽

Control Clinical Study

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) consider a minor ailment in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, seen in 21-65% cases but it causes significant distress and increases postoperative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. This study was done to compare nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine to treat POST.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind control clinical study. After approval from institution ethical and scientific committee, study was conducted in between May 2015-April 2016. Written and informed consent was obtained from 100 patients of either sex aged between 20-65 years. ASA I-II, undergoing surgery in supine position lasting up to two hour. Patients were randomized into two groups Group K (n=50) nebulized with 50 mg ketamine (1cc) + 3cc NS =4cc, Group KC (n=50) nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1cc) + clonidine 150µg (1cc) + 2cc NS for 15 min, before general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The POST and hemodynamic variable were monitored before nebulization, after nebulization, before induction, on arrival to PACU and at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post operatively. POST was graded on 4 point scale (0-3).Results: Overall incidence of POST was 46% (Group K-40%, KC-6%). The Incidence and severity of POST were significantly attenuated in Group KC in comparison to Group K at 4 hours (P= 0.002), 8 hours (P=0.000), 12 hours (P= 0.000) and at 24 hours (P=0.000).Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with clonidine and ketamine mixture compared to ketamine is more effective in dealing with postoperative sore throat with no adverse effects.

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Randomised, single blinded, controlled, prospective study comparing ketamine, lignocaine and chlorhexidine gargle in prevention of post-operative sore throat

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703917 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 082-086

Author(s):

Sumalatha R. Shetty ◽

Karan Pratap Singh Panaych ◽

Raveendra U. S.

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Haemodynamic Changes ◽

Double Blind Control Study ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint in patients after extubation and can be distressing to the patients. Hence we aimed to compare efficacy of lignocaine, ketamine and chlorhexidine gargle for the control of postoperative sore throat. Materials and Methods: After institutional ethical committee clearance, 100 patients were allotted into 4 groups of 25 each in this randomized, double blind, control study. The study solution for gargle in Group L, Group C and Group K contained 50mg lignocaine, 30mg chlorhexidine and 50 mg ketamine in 30ml sterile water respectively while in Group W it was 30ml of sterile water. The study solution was given 5 minutes before induction and the patients were made to gargle it for 30 seconds. The post-operative sore throat (POST) grading was done at 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours after extubation. Results: At 0 hour, there was a significant lower grades of POST in Group K as compared to Group W (p=0.011). At the 4 hour interval, the grades of POST were significantly lower in group K (p=0.001) and Group L (p<0.001) whencompared to Group C.At the 24 hour time interval, the grades of POST were lower in Group L (p=0.007) and Group K (p<0.001) when compared to Group C. At the same time interval, significantly lower grades of POST in Group W was seen compared to Group C (p=0.001). At the end of all time intervals there was no statistical significant difference in the severity of POST in Group L and Group K. There were no significant haemodynamic changes in any of the groups. Conclusion: Ketamine and Lignocaine gargles are effective in the reduction of postoperative sore throat without any changes in haemodynamics.

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Influence of intraoperative sevoflurane or desflurane on postoperative sore throat: a prospective randomized study

Journal of Anesthesia ◽

10.1007/s00540-018-2600-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji-Hoon Park ◽

Yong-Cheol Lee ◽

Jiwon Lee ◽

Sangbaek Kim ◽

Hyun-Chang Kim

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Prospective Randomized Study ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN LIGNOCAINE NEBULISATION AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE NEBULISATION FOR ATTENUATION OF POSTOPERATIVE SORE THROAT

10.36106/ijsr/4617478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Dhiman Neogi ◽

Sudeshna Bhar Kundu ◽

Chaitali Biswas ◽

Anisha Ghosh ◽

Sourav Das

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Magnesium Sulphate ◽

Severity Score ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Orotracheal Intubation ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind

BACKGROUND: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication following general anaesthesia (GA) with orotracheal intubation. Both magnesium sulphate nebulisation and lignocaine nebulisation have been reported to be used successfully to reduce the incidence and severity of POST. Till date, no study has been reported comparing the efcacy of these two drugs for attenuation of POST. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efcacy of preoperative lignocaine nebulisation and magnesium sulphate nebulisation in reducing the incidence and severity of POSTin patients undergoing GAwith orotracheal intubation. METHODS:Aprospective, double blind, parallel group, randomised, controlled study was conducted on 96 patients, aged between 18-50 years, ASAphysical status I and II, undergoing elective surgery under GAwith orotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups, group L and group M. The patients in group L (n=48) received 4% lignocaine nebulisation (3 ml) and those in group M (n=48) received isotonic magnesium sulphate nebulisation (3 ml) over 15 minutes ending 5 minutes prior to induction of GA. The patients were assessed for incidence and severity of POST, cough, hoarseness of voice and dysphagia at 5 minutes and thereafter at 1, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours in the postoperative period. All data were compared using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: POST four-point scale was found to be signicantly lower in group M in comparison to group L at 5 minutes and 1 hour in the postoperative period. Hoarseness severity score and dysphagia severity score were also signicantly lower in group M at 1 hour postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In comparison to lignocaine nebulisation; magnesium sulphate nebulisation was found to be more effective to reduce the incidence and severity of POST, hoarseness of voice, and dysphagia particularly in the early postoperative period.

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