A Comparative Study of Three Nebulized Medications for the Prevention of Postoperative Sore Throat in the Pediatric Population

Background: The delivery of aerosolized drugs is a vital component of treatment for many respiratory disorders. We used this mode of medication delivery as a pre-emptive strategy to alleviate a Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) in children receiving general anesthesia. Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to compare the effects of prophylactic ketamine, magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone nebulization, on the intensity of POST. Methods: Through a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, data were collected from children (6-16 years) undergoing surgeries from March 2018 to May 2018. The patients were allocated into 3 equivalent groups (36 patients each). Preoperative nebulization was performed for all patients. Group M received 40 mg/kg magnesium sulphate, group K received 1 mg/kg ketamine, and group D received 0.16 mg dexamethasone. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence and intensity of POST at the 4th postoperative hour. The secondary outcomes included evaluation of adverse effects specifically nausea, vomiting, postoperative cough and postoperative sedation. Results: Patients in the K group had the lowest incidence of POST compared to patients in groups M and D, specifically, at the 4th - postoperative hour (p-value = 0.003). Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with ketamine was more effective in reducing the intensity of POST in pediatric patients postoperatively without systemic adverse effects.

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Effect of Preoperative Nebulised Dexamethasone and Nebulised Magnesium Sulphate on Postoperative Sore Throat in Prone Position Surgeries- A Randomised Double-Blind Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46582.14730 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G Manuj Kumar ◽

BT Arish

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Prone Position ◽

Magnesium Sulphate ◽

Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽

P Value ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind

Introduction: Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) is a frequently encountered complication after general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and positional changes. Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) is a N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist and dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid, both drugs helps in reducing POST by various mechanisms. Aim: To compare the effects of preoperative dexamethasone nebulisation vs preoperative MgSO4 nebulisation on sore throat in prone position surgeries. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries from October 2017 to April 2019, under general anaesthesia in prone position, were randomly allocated into two groups- A and B. Thirty minutes before surgery patients in each group were nebulised with respective drugs, dexamethasone 8 mg in group A and 250 mg of MgSO4 in group B. Haemodynamic parameters during laryngoscopy were noted. A standardised protocol for providing general anaesthesia was followed for all patients. After extubation, at 0, 4, 6 and 24 hours all patients were asked to grade POST, hoarseness and cough. The severity of POST was graded with four-point scale. Continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD and analysed using student t-test. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall incidence of sore throat in dexamethasone group was 37.5% and 20% in MgSO4 group. The incidence (p=0.026) and severity (p=0.011) of POST was significantly decreased in MgSO4 group at 6 hours where none of the patient had sore throat compared to dexamethasone where 15 (37.5%) of them had sore throat (p=0.026). None of the patients had cough and hoarseness in both groups. Conclusion:Nebulisation with MgSO4preoperatively significantly decreases the incidence and severity of POST when compared to dexamethasone and there was no statistically significant haemodynamic variability between the two groups.

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Postoperative sore throat prevention in ambulatory surgery: A comparison between preoperative aspirin and magnesium sulfate gargle – a prospective, randomized, double-blind study

Anesthesia Essays and Researches ◽

10.4103/0259-1162.186602 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anjan Das ◽

Surajit Chattopadhyay ◽

Sabyasachi Nandy ◽

Sandip RoyBasunia ◽

Tapobrata Mitra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Ambulatory Surgery ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind

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Does the self-pressurizing Air Q produce less postoperative sore throat compared with the classic laryngeal mask airway? A randomized controlled double-blind study

Ain-Shams Journal of Anaesthesiology ◽

10.4103/1687-7934.156700 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

MohamedI.S. El-Ahl

Keyword(s):

Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽

Sore Throat ◽

The Self ◽

Laryngeal Mask ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway

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Use of Warm Local Anaesthetic Solution for Caudal Blocks

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x9202000409 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 453-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. T. M. Lim ◽

K. Y. Chong ◽

B. Singh ◽

W. Jong

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Anaesthetic Solution ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Local Anaesthetic Solution ◽

Speed Of Onset

A double-blind study was undertaken to investigate the effect of prewarmed local anaesthetic solution on the latency of onset of caudal blocks. Forty-four (ASA I-II) patients were allocated into two equal groups. In Group A, the local anaesthetic solutions were injected at room temperature (25°C), while in Group B, they were injected at 37°C. All the caudal blocks were performed using 20 ml of lignocaine 1.5% with adrenaline 1:200,000. The speed of onset of perianal analgesia was found to be significantly faster (39%) with the prewarmed local anaesthetic solution (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were observed.

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Daily Oral Administration of the Novel Androgen 11β-MNTDC Markedly Suppresses Serum Gonadotropins in Healthy Men

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. e835-e847 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiona Yuen ◽

Arthi Thirumalai ◽

Cindy Pham ◽

Ronald S Swerdloff ◽

Bradley D Anawalt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Serum Gonadotropin

Abstract Background 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11β-MNT) is a modified testosterone (T) with androgenic and progestational activity. A single oral dose of the prodrug, 11β-MNT dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC), was well tolerated in healthy men. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind study at 2 academic medical centers. 42 healthy men (18–50 years) were randomized to receive oral placebo or 11β-MNTDC, 200 or 400 mg daily, for 28 consecutive days. Primary outcome (safety and tolerability) measures were assessed twice per week. Subjects underwent serial blood sampling over 24 hours on days 1 and 28 to assess secondary outcomes: pharmacokinetics (serum drug concentrations); pharmacodynamics of 11β-MNTDC (serum sex steroids and gonadotropins); and mood and sexual function (via validated questionnaires). Results There were no serious adverse events. No participants discontinued because of an adverse event or laboratory test abnormality. 11β-MNTDC resulted in a dose-related increase in serum 11β-MNTDC and 11β-MNT concentrations sustained over 24 hours. Administration of 11β-MNTDC resulted in a marked suppression of serum gonadotropins, T, calculated free T, estradiol, and SHBG over the treatment period (P < 0.01). Adverse effects that may be related to 11β-MNTDC included weight gain, acne, headaches, fatigue, and mild mood changes, with 5 men reporting decreased libido and 3 decreased erectile/ejaculatory function. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, weight (~2 kg), hematocrit, and hemoglobin increased and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both 11β-MNTDC groups. Conclusion Daily oral 11β-MNTDC for 28 days in healthy men markedly suppressed serum gonadotropin and T concentrations without serious adverse effects. These results warrant further evaluation of 11β-MNTDC as a potential male oral contraceptive.

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Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant. A double-blind study comparing aspirin with caffeine to aspirin and placebo in patients with sore throat

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.151.4.733 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 733-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. P. Schachtel

Keyword(s):

Sore Throat ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind

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Efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of postoperative sore throat: a double blind randomized study

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v5i1.24034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sujita Manandhar ◽

Kishor Manandhar ◽

Sharad Khakrel

Keyword(s):

Endotracheal Tube ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Saline Group ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Postoperative Sore Throat ◽

Double Blind ◽

Dexamethasone Group

Introductions: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a commonly seen adverse event after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Dexamethasone, a potent corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory action is the most popular steroid studied in this regard with positive results. Methods: This randomized, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on one hundred and ten adult patients of either sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I & II, undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation. After obtaining written informed consent, they were randomly divided into Control (A, n=55) and Dexamethasone (B, n=55) groups and received either an injection of Dexamethasone (Group B) 8 mg intravenously or an equivalent volume of Normal Saline (Group A) just before entering the operating theatre. All the patients received a similar anesthesia with endotracheal tube intubation and at the end of surgery, extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. The incidence and severity of sore throat were assessed at 1, 6 and 24 hours post-extubation. Severity of sore throat were graded on a 4 point scale, p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Incidence of POST in Dexamethasone group was found significantly low compared to the control group up to six hours (p<0.05) but was comparable at 24 hours post extubation. Severity of POST in the study group was of lower grade in compare to control group. Conclusions: Prophylactic intravenous Dexamethasone 8 mg administered to patients undergoing elective surgeries requiring endotracheal tube intubation significantly reduces the incidence and severity of POST up to six hours post-extubation.

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Evaluation of the effect of gabapentin on postoperative analgesia with epidural morphine after abdominal hysterectomy

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v13i2.16427 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257

Author(s):

Diptesh Aryal ◽

Renu Gurung ◽

Moda Nath Marhatta

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Epidural Morphine ◽

Opioid Analgesic ◽

Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽

Morphine Consumption ◽

P Value ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Dose Requirement ◽

Double Blind ◽

Duration Of Surgery

Background & Objectives: Gabapentin has been used successfully as a non-opioid analgesic adjuvant for postoperative pain management. We hypothesized that the preoperative use of gabapentin prolonged the analgesic effect of epidural morphine without an increase in adverse effects of morphine. Materials & Methods: In a randomized, double blind study sixty ASA PS I and II patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were assigned to receive either placebo or gabapentin 1200mg 1 hour before surgery. Postoperatively, 0.125% bupivacaine with morphine 50 µg per kg body weight was used for epidural analgesia. Vital parameters, time to the first request for analgesic, visual analogue scale scoring for pain at rest and during movement, 24-hour morphine consumption, and side effects were studied.Results: The patients were comparable with respect to age, weight, ASA PS, baseline hemodynamic parameters and duration of surgery. Gabapentin significantly decreased the duration of analgesia compared to placebo (1078.26 min Vs. 303.5 min; P value <0.0001). The VAS scores at rest and during movement at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h were significantly lower in gabapentin group. The total amount of morphine consumption in 24 h postoperatively was significantly lower in gabapentin group (1.93mg Vs. 6.30mg; P value <0.0001). The incidence of nausea and pruritus was significantly lower with gabapentin. Conclusion: Oral gabapentin 1200 mg as a premedication decreases the dose requirement of epidural morphine and postoperative pain after total abdominal hysterectomy. It also decreases the pain scores at rest and during movement significantly.

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Self-perception of side effects by adolescents in a chlorhexidine-fluoride-based preventive oral health program

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000400015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 291-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana Rita Duarte Guimaraes ◽

Marco Aurélio Peres ◽

Ricardo de Sousa Vieira ◽

Rodrigo Melin Ferreira ◽

Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Health Program ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Double Blind ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Plaque Control ◽

Descriptive Scale

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects reported by adolescents following 14 days of use of a mouthrinse containing 0.05% NaF+0.12% chlorhexidine. METHODS: This double-blind study was developed as part of a randomized clinical trial. The adolescents enrolled to the study were randomly divided into two groups to use either: 0.05% NaF+0.12% chlorhexidine (G1, n=85) or 0.05% NaF (G2, n=85). Both groups used a 10mL solution of the mouthwash during 1 minute daily for 2 weeks under supervision. After that period, the subject's acceptance of taste was measured using a verbal descriptive scale (Labeled Magnitude Scale - LMS)11. Participants were also interviewed regarding the occurrence of possible adverse effects during treatment (temporary palate disorders, tooth staining or unpleasant taste). The proportional differences between the groups were tested using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Palate changes were reported by 26% of participants of each group; 17.7% of G1 and 32% of G2 reported an unpleasant taste (p = 0.062), while staining was reported by 55% of G1 and 68.9% of G2 (p = 0.117). Absenteeism rates were similar in both groups (G1= 2.58 ± 2.69; G2=2.81 ± 2.39), p=0.362. CONCLUSION: adherence was high in both groups and side effects reported by subjects were not perceived by them as being important. Since subjects' acceptance and compliance is fundamental to the success of an oral health program, chlorhexidine-fluoride could be a useful resource in a program of plaque control.

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