Failed Surgical Weight Loss Does Not Necessarily Mean Failed Metabolic Effects

Background/Objectives: The alimentary limb has been proposed to be a key driver of the weight-loss-independent metabolic improvements that occur upon bariatric surgery. However, the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) procedure, consisting of one long biliary limb and a short common limb, induces stronger beneficial metabolic effects compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in humans, despite the lack of an alimentary limb. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the biliary and common limbs in the weight-loss and metabolic effects that occur upon OAGB. Subjects/Methods: OAGB and sham surgery, with or without modifications of the length of either the biliary limb or the common limb, were performed in Gottingen-like minipigs. Weight loss, metabolic changes, and the effects on plasma and intestinal bile acids (BAs) were assessed 15 days after surgery. Results: OAGB significantly decreased body weight, improved glucose homeostasis, increased postprandial GLP-1 and fasting plasma BAs, and qualitatively changed the intestinal BA species composition. Resection of the biliary limb prevented the body weight loss effects of OAGB and attenuated the postprandial GLP-1 increase. Improvements in glucose homeostasis along with changes in plasma and intestinal BAs occurred after OAGB regardless of the biliary limb length. Resection of only the common limb reproduced the glucose homeostasis effects and the changes in intestinal BAs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the changes in glucose metabolism and BAs after OAGB are mainly mediated by the length of the common limb, whereas the length of the biliary limb contributes to body weight loss.

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Vanadyl Sulfate Effects on Systemic Profiles of Metabolic Syndrome in Old Rats with Fructose-Induced Obesity

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2018/5257216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Diego Ortega-Pacheco ◽

María Marcela Jiménez-Pérez ◽

Jeanet Serafín-López ◽

Juan Gabriel Juárez-Rojas ◽

Arturo Ruiz-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Vanadyl Sulfate ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Insulin Mimetic ◽

Obese Rats

Background. Currently, energy obtained from hypercaloric diets has been part of the obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemics from childhood to old age. Treatment alternatives have been sought from plants, minerals, and trace elements with metabolic effects. Vanadyl sulfate (VS) has been investigated as a hypoglycemic compound in animal and human studies showing effective insulin-mimetic properties. This characteristic encompasses several molecules that have beneficial pleiotropic effects. The aim was to determine the antiobesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects of VS on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in aged rats. Material and Methods. Five groups of male Wistar rats were made, each with six rats: two groups with normal diet (ND) and three with high-fructose diet (HFD). The first ND group was treated with saline solution (SS), the second with VS; treatment for HFD groups was in the first group with SS, second with VS, and third with metformin. Weight, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, and lipidic profile were measured; water, food, fructose and energy consumption were also determined. All parameters were compared among groups. Results and Discussion. Although obese rats treated with VS presented anorexia, oligodipsia, and a marked weight loss in the first two weeks. They recovered food and water intake in the third week with a slow recovery of some weight weeks later. VS normalized blood glucose level and decreased triglyceride and insulin levels in obese rats. These results suggest that vanadyl sulfate shows antiobesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties in old obese rats and could be useful as an alternative, additional, and potent preventive treatment for obesity and T2DM control in elderly obese and poorly controlled diabetic patients. Conclusion. VS could play an important role in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, contributing to a decrease in obesity and T2DM, through different ways, such as euglycemia, satiety, weight loss, and lipid profile optimization, among others. However, more research is needed to confirm this suggestion.

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Longitudinal Effects of Surgical Weight Loss on Brain Structure

Journal of the American College of Surgeons ◽

10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.07.027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 227 (4) ◽

pp. S22

Author(s):

Jack R. Martinez ◽

Sina Aslan ◽

Francesca M. Filbey ◽

Nancy Puzziferri

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Surgical Weight Loss ◽

Longitudinal Effects

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The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Following Weight Loss in Premenopausal Women with Obesity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17155302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (15) ◽

pp. 5302

Author(s):

John W. Apolzan ◽

Robbie A. Beyl ◽

Corby K. Martin ◽

Frank L. Greenway ◽

Ursula White

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Metabolic Outcomes

Alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is consumed regularly by much of the adult population; yet, the health effects associated with its use are not well-characterized. Clinical interventions to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes, including adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors, are limited and have yielded conflicting data. In addition, no study has reported the effects of routine alcohol intake during weight loss in a controlled feeding trial. We present the first randomized controlled pilot trial to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes during weight loss in women with obesity. Both groups consumed 30% energy restricted diets and were randomized to either an ethanol-free control (CTL) group or a group (EtOH) that consumed 35 g ethanol daily for eight weeks. Our findings demonstrate that, despite similar weight loss, the decrease in mean arterial pressure was attenuated in the EtOH group, relative to the CTL group (p = 0.02). In addition, decreases in other outcomes, including visceral adipose tissue (p = 0.23), circulating lipids (triglycerides (p = 0.11) and cholesterol (p = 0.11)), and uric acid (p = 0.07) tended to be attenuated with alcohol consumption. These pilot data provide potential evidence that moderate alcohol consumption may mitigate the beneficial effects of weight loss and support the need for larger Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to better investigate the metabolic effects of moderate alcohol intake in humans.

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