Inhibitory Effect ofMyricaBark on Lipase Activity in Mouse Plasma and Gastrointestinal Tract

ABSTRACT An in vivo experiment was performed with pigs to study the inhibitory effect of fermented feed on the bacterial population of the gastrointestinal tract. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pH and lactobacilli in the stomach contents of pigs in dry feed as well as in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the pH and the numbers of bacteria in the familyEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach of pigs fed dry feed was found. In the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed, a significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of the undissociated form of lactic acid and the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae. The numbers ofEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed fermented feed were significantly lower compared with the contents of the stomach, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed dry feed. The numbers of total lactobacilli were significantly higher in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed and in the ileum contents of one pig group fed fermented feed compared with the contents of pigs fed dry feed. However, the influence of lactobacilli on numbers of Enterobacteriaceae could not be demonstrated. It was concluded that fermented feed influences the bacterial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in cardiac myocytes from control and diabetic rat hearts by plasma lipids

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y92-176 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 1271-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Brian Rodrigues ◽

Janice E. A. Braun ◽

Michael Spooner ◽

David L. Severson

Keyword(s):

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽

Triton Wr 1339 ◽

Plasma Triacylglycerol

The objective of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the diabetes-induced reduction in lipoprotein lipase activity in cardiac myocytes may be due to hypertriglyceridemia. Administration of 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine (50 mg/kg) to control rats for 24 h reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels and increased the heparin-induced release of lipoprotein lipase into the incubation medium of cardiac myocytes. The acute (3–5 days) induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) produced hypertriglyceridemia and reduced heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity in cardiac myocytes. Treatment of diabetic rats with 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine resulted in a fall in plasma triacylglycerol content and increased heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity. Administration of Triton WR-1339 also resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, but the heparin-induced release of lipoprotein lipase from control cardiac myocytes was not reduced in the absence of lipolysis of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Treatment with Triton WR-1339 did, however, increase the heparin-induced release of lipoprotein lipase from diabetic cardiac myocytes. Preparation of cardiac myocytes with 0.9 mM oleic acid resulted in a decrease in both total cellular and heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activities. These results suggest that the diabetes-induced reduction in heart lipoprotein lipase activity may, at least in part, be due to an inhibitory effect of free fatty acids, derived either from lipoprotein degradation or from adipose tissue lipolysis, on lipoprotein lipase activity in (and (or) release from) cardiac myocytes.Key words: diabetes, plasma triacylglycerols, cardiac myocytes, lipoprotein lipase.

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The Effect of Alcohol on Postprandial and Fasting Triglycerides

International Journal of Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/862504 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Albert Van de Wiel

Keyword(s):

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽

Severe Hypertriglyceridemia ◽

Postprandial Triglyceride ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

Significant Additive Effect

Alcohol has a significant additive effect on the postprandial triglyceride peak when it accompanies a meal containing fat, especially saturated fat. This results from a decrease in the breakdown of chylomicrons and VLDL remnants due to an acute inhibitory effect of alcohol on lipoprotein lipase activity. Furthermore, alcohol increases the synthesis of large VLDL particles in the liver, which is the main source of triglycerides in the hypertriglyceridemia associated with chronic excessive alcohol intake. In case of chronic consumption, lipoprotein lipase activity seems to adapt itself. The effect of alcohol on adipose tissues is less clear. Sometimes, a severe hypertriglyceridemia induced by alcohol (SHIBA) can be observed, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity increasing the risk of pancreatitis.

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Hypouricemic Effects ofArmillaria melleaon Hyperuricemic Mice Regulated through OAT1 and CNT2

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x18500301 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (03) ◽

pp. 585-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tianqiao Yong ◽

Shaodan Chen ◽

Yizhen Xie ◽

Diling Chen ◽

Jiyan Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Organic Anion ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Organic Anion Transporter ◽

Nucleoside Transporter ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter ◽

Anion Transporter ◽

Glucose Transporter 9

Ethanol and water extracts of Armillaria mellea were prepared by directly soaking A. mellea in ethanol (AME) at 65[Formula: see text]C, followed by decocting the remains in water (AMW) at 85[Formula: see text]C. Significantly, AME and AMW at 30, 60 and 120[Formula: see text]mg/kg exhibited excellent hypouricemic actions, causing remarkable declines from hyperuricemic control (351[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, [Formula: see text]) to 136, 130 and 115[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L and 250, 188 and 152[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L in serum uric acid, correspondingly. In contrast to the evident renal toxicity of allopurinol, these preparations showed little impacts. Moreover, they showed some inhibitory effect on XOD (xanthine oxidase) activity. Compared with hyperuricemic control, protein expressions of OAT1 (organic anion transporter 1) were significantly elevated in AME- and AMW-treated mice. The levels of GLUT9 (glucose transporter 9) expression were significantly decreased by AMW. CNT2 (concentrative nucleoside transporter 2), a key target for purine absorption in gastrointestinal tract was involved in this study, and was verified for its innovative role. Both AME and AMW down-regulated CNT2 proteins in the gastrointestinal tract in hyperuricemic mice. As they exhibited considerable inhibitory effects on XOD, we selected XOD as the target for virtual screening by using molecular docking, and four compounds were hit with high ranks. From the analysis, we concluded that hydrogen bond, Pi–Pi and Pi-sigma interactions might play important roles for their orientations and locations in XOD inhibition.

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Effect ofNelumbo nuciferaPetal Extracts on Lipase, Adipogenesis, Adipolysis, and Central Receptors of Obesity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/145925 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chandrasekaran Chinampudur Velusami ◽

Amit Agarwal ◽

Vijayalakshmi Mookambeswaran

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Lipid Storage ◽

Preclinical Models ◽

Antagonist Activity ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Agonist And Antagonist

N. nuciferais one among the important medicinal plants assessed for its antiobesity action in various preclinical models. The present study was aimed at investigating the antiobesity effect of methanol and successive water extracts of petals ofN. nuciferaby studying its effect on adipogenesis, adipolysis, lipase, serotonin (5-HT2C), cannabinoid (CNR2), melanocyte concentrating hormone (MCHR1), and melanocortin (MC4R) receptors. Both methanol and successive water extracts ofN. nuciferapetals had an effect on inhibition of lipid storage in adipocytes and on increasing lipolysis.N. nuciferapetal methanol extract exhibited the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on lipase activity with an IC50value of 47 µg/mL.N. nuciferapetal extracts showed evident agonist and antagonist activity towards 5-HT2Cand CNR2receptors, respectively, while it showed no effect towards MCHR1and MC4R receptors. Overall, methanol extract ofN. nuciferapetals showed better activity than successive water extract.

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