scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of dietary soybean meal on the establishment of a Clostridium strain in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lhuillery ◽  
Y Demarne ◽  
R Ducluzeau ◽  
A Clara
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Dietary fermented rapeseed or/and soybean meal additives on performance and intestinal health of piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czech ◽  
Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela ◽  
Martyna Kiesz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of fermented dried soybean (FSBM) and/or fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) in diets for weaned piglets on production results, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract histology, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Piglets in the control group received standard diets with soybean meal. Animals in all experimental groups received diets in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced: in group FR—8% FRSM; in group FR/FS—6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; in group FS/FR—2% FRSM and 6% FSBM and in group FS—8% FSBM. The use of 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM in the piglet diets had a positive effect on average daily gains. Piglets from the FR and FR/FS groups had the highest feed conversion rate. Group FS/FR and FS piglets had significantly lower mortality and lower incidence of diarrhoea. Piglets fed a diet with the fermented components, in particular with 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM, exhibited a positive effect on the microbiological composition and histology of intestines, which resulted in improved nutrient digestibility coefficients (ATTD and AID).

scholarly journals Effect of Fermented Feed on the Microbial Population of the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3071-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren� L. van Winsen ◽  
Bert A. P. Urlings ◽  
Len J. A. Lipman ◽  
Jos M. A. Snijders ◽  
David Keuzenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
The Family ◽  
Colon And Rectum

ABSTRACT An in vivo experiment was performed with pigs to study the inhibitory effect of fermented feed on the bacterial population of the gastrointestinal tract. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pH and lactobacilli in the stomach contents of pigs in dry feed as well as in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the pH and the numbers of bacteria in the familyEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach of pigs fed dry feed was found. In the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed, a significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of the undissociated form of lactic acid and the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae. The numbers ofEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed fermented feed were significantly lower compared with the contents of the stomach, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed dry feed. The numbers of total lactobacilli were significantly higher in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed and in the ileum contents of one pig group fed fermented feed compared with the contents of pigs fed dry feed. However, the influence of lactobacilli on numbers of Enterobacteriaceae could not be demonstrated. It was concluded that fermented feed influences the bacterial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

Hypouricemic Effects ofArmillaria melleaon Hyperuricemic Mice Regulated through OAT1 and CNT2

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 585-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqiao Yong ◽  
Shaodan Chen ◽  
Yizhen Xie ◽  
Diling Chen ◽  
Jiyan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Organic Anion Transporter ◽  
Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporter 9

Ethanol and water extracts of Armillaria mellea were prepared by directly soaking A. mellea in ethanol (AME) at 65[Formula: see text]C, followed by decocting the remains in water (AMW) at 85[Formula: see text]C. Significantly, AME and AMW at 30, 60 and 120[Formula: see text]mg/kg exhibited excellent hypouricemic actions, causing remarkable declines from hyperuricemic control (351[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, [Formula: see text]) to 136, 130 and 115[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L and 250, 188 and 152[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L in serum uric acid, correspondingly. In contrast to the evident renal toxicity of allopurinol, these preparations showed little impacts. Moreover, they showed some inhibitory effect on XOD (xanthine oxidase) activity. Compared with hyperuricemic control, protein expressions of OAT1 (organic anion transporter 1) were significantly elevated in AME- and AMW-treated mice. The levels of GLUT9 (glucose transporter 9) expression were significantly decreased by AMW. CNT2 (concentrative nucleoside transporter 2), a key target for purine absorption in gastrointestinal tract was involved in this study, and was verified for its innovative role. Both AME and AMW down-regulated CNT2 proteins in the gastrointestinal tract in hyperuricemic mice. As they exhibited considerable inhibitory effects on XOD, we selected XOD as the target for virtual screening by using molecular docking, and four compounds were hit with high ranks. From the analysis, we concluded that hydrogen bond, Pi–Pi and Pi-sigma interactions might play important roles for their orientations and locations in XOD inhibition.

Productivity results and physiological response of the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits fed diets containing rapeseed cake and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gugołek ◽  
J. Juśkiewicz ◽  
P. Wyczling ◽  
D. Kowalska ◽  
J. Strychalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

This study was aimed at determining the possibility of applying rapeseed cake (RC) and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for HYPLUS meat-type rabbits (n = 64, aged 35–84 days). Control diet (SC) contained 5% of extracted soybean meal. In RC diet, the soybean meal was replaced by RC, in DG diet – by wheat DDGS, whereas in RC–DG diet – by a mixture of RC and wheat DDGS (2.5% each). The study included production analyses, digestibility-balance experiment and physiological assessment of gut response to experimental factors hence data was collected on daily bodyweight gains, feed intake and slaughter performance, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen retention and gut response. The latter included assessment of parameters describing the small intestinal, cecal, and colonic environment of rabbits (e.g. digesta viscosity, ammonia concentration, bacterial enzymes activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration). The highest productivity results were reported for SC group and the lowest ones for DG group. The RC and RC–DG groups were characterised by intermediate productivity. Dressing percentage and contents of carcass elements did not differ among the groups (except for the hind part). Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention were the highest in the SC group and the lowest in DG group. The dietary incorporation of DDGS resulted in undesired responses of the gastrointestinal tract including excessively watery digesta in the small intestine, increased concentration of cecal and colonic ammonia, enhanced activity of potentially harmful bacterial β-glucuronidase in cecal digesta, and increased cecal concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids. These negative effects were not due to RC and RC–DG dietary treatments, apart from decreased dry matter concentration in the small intestine in the RC–DG group. In general, the results of our study demonstrated that 5% rape cake can be successfully incorporated into rabbit dietary regimen as a substitute of dietary soybean meal. Considering that the productivity of rabbits fed 2.5% of DDGS (with 2.5% rape cake) and these receiving 5% rape cake was comparable, optional seems also dietary inclusion of up to 2.5% wheat DDGS The higher content of DDGS (5%) in the diet deteriorated most of the growth parameters of rabbits.

scholarly journals Energetic values and performace of broilers feeding sorghum and soybean meal based diets supplemented with B-glucanase and B-xylanase

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
Maria Inês Homsi Brandeburgo ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzymatic Complex ◽  
Metabolic Test

Grains, brans, and vegetable meals may contain non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), which increases viscosity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and determine the metabolizable energy of a sorghum-based broiler diet with and without the supplementation of an enzymatic complex. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 1200 chickens, using sorghum-based feed with and without the addition of 50 g of enzyme-CCE complex (?-glucanase and ?-xylanase), and with two levels of metabolizable energy (ME kg-1): ME; ME + CCE; reduced ME (-50 kcal kg-1); and reduced ME + CCE. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the means were compared using a Tukey’s test at the 5% significance level. At 42 and 47 days of age, the living weight of the birds fed with the reduced ME was low, while birds fed with reduced ME + CCE had the same weight as those fed with other energy diets (ME and ME + CCE). Feed conversion was poorest at 47 days of age for the birds on reduced ME diet. In the metabolic test (with fattening diets) to determine AME and AMEn, the reduced ME diet had the lowest result, confirming the effect of the addition of enzymes. The addition of CCE to sorghum-based diets provides enough enzymatic activity to increase the metabolizable energy of the diet (50 kcal of AME) and influence the growth performance of broilers at the slaughtering age.

scholarly journals Minireview: Peripheral Nesfatin-1 in Regulation of the Gut Activity–15 Years since the Discovery

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kras ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Marcin B. Arciszewski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Apoptotic Effects ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Peripheral Actions

Nesfatin-1, discovered in 2006, is an anorexigenic molecule derived from the precursor protein NEFA/nucleobindin2. It is generally postulated that this molecule acts through a specific G protein-coupled receptor, as yet unidentified. Research conducted over the last 15 years has revealed both central and peripheral actions of nesfatin-1. Given its major central role, studies determining its inhibitory effect on food intake seem to be of major scientific interest. However, in recent years a number of experiments have found that peripheral organs, including those of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), may also be a source (possibly even the predominant source) of nesfatin-1. This mini-review aimed to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the expression and immunoreactivity of nesfatin-1 and its possible involvement (both physiological and pathological) in the mammalian GIT. Research thus far has shown very promising abilities of nesfatin-1 to restore the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, to interplay with the gut microbiota, and to alter the structure of the intestinal barrier. This necessitates more extensive research on the peripheral actions of this molecule. More in-depth knowledge of such mechanisms (especially those leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects) is important for a better understanding of the involvement of nefatin-1 in GIT pathophysiological conditions and/or for future therapeutic approaches.

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