High-Frequency Application of Cationic Agents Containing Lubricant Eye Drops Causes Cumulative Corneal Toxicity in an Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-731
Author(s):  
Ralf M. Dutescu ◽  
Daniel Uthoff ◽  
Claudia Panfil ◽  
Norbert Schrage
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Corneal Toxicity ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
High Frequency Application

scholarly journals Repeated Exposure to Benzalkonium Chloride in the Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT): Observation of Isolated Corneal Damage and Healing

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frentz ◽  
Miriam Goss ◽  
Martin Reim ◽  
Norbert F. Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
To Come

The prediction of side-effects is a key issue in the REACH initiative on chemicals, in the production of cosmetics and in the preclinical testing of drugs. A new ex vivo test for repeated substance application is presented, that is able to identify corrosive and irritant effects on the eye by using crucial endpoints, such as cellular and morphological damage, and healing characteristics. The test is intended to replace the Draize eye test and to improve the preclinical testing of drugs and chemicals that are likely to come into direct contact with the cornea. The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT) is a self-healing system, involving living corneas obtained from abattoir rabbit eyes. The corneas are cultured in a similar way to the method used during the transplantation of corneal grafts. The corneas are exposed to multiple small, mechanical abrasions, and then test substances are repeatedly dropped onto the centres of the corneas. The test substances applied in this study were citrate-buffered hyaluronate eye drops and an artificial tear replacement, with increasing concentrations of up to 0.1% benzalkonium chloride. A dose-dependent inhibition of recovery and impairment of the lactate production mechanism in the cornea was observed with benzalkonium chloride treatment.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Potential Ocular Mucoadhesive Nano Lipid Carriers Using Full Factorial Design

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Eszter L. Kiss ◽  
Szilvia Berkó ◽  
Attila Gácsi ◽  
Anita Kovács ◽  
Gábor Katona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Corneal Toxicity ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
Full Factorial

Generally, topically applied eye drops have low bioavailability due to short residence time and low penetration of the drug. The aim of the present study was to incorporate dexamethasone (DXM) into nano lipid carriers (NLC), which contain mucoadhesive polymer, in order to increase the bioavailability of the drug. A 23 factorial experimental design was applied, in which the three factors were the polymer, the DXM, and the emulsifier concentrations. The samples were analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and Span value. The significant factors were identified. The biocompatibility of the formulations was evaluated with human corneal toxicity tests and immunoassay analysis. The possible increase in bioavailability was analyzed by means of mucoadhesivity, in vitro drug diffusion, and different penetration tests, such as in vitro cornea PAMPA model, human corneal cell penetration, and ex vivo porcine corneal penetration using Raman mapping. The results indicated that DXM can be incorporated in stable mucoadhesive NLC systems, which are non-toxic and do not have any harmful effect on cell junctions. Mucoadhesive NLCs can create a depot on the surface of the cornea, which can predict improved bioavailability.

The Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test as an Alternative Test Method for Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Spöler ◽  
Oya Kray ◽  
Stefan Kray ◽  
Claudia Panfil ◽  
Norbert F. Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Eye Damage ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Alternative Test Method

scholarly journals In Situ Liquid Crystal Gel as a New Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System for Pilocarpine Nitrate: Improving Preocular Retention and Ocular Bioavailability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Wu ◽  
Wenxuan Cao ◽  
Ye Cai ◽  
Menghe Zhang ◽  
Tiantian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Irritation Test

Abstract The purpose of this article is to develop an in-situ liquid crystal gel that can be used as a novel ocular delivery system for pilocarpine nitrate (PN). The phytantriol (PT) -based in situ liquid crystal gels were prepared by a vortex method using PT, PEG400, Triglyceride (TAG) and water (in the ratio of 61.15:30:3.85:5, w/w). Firstly, the internal structure of the PN-loaded liquid crystal gel was characterized by polarizing microscope (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. In vitro drug release behavior and ex vivo corneal permeation were investigated. Finally, eye irritation test，preocular residence time evaluation,were studied in vivo and compared with eye drops.Based on various characterization techniques, it is proved that the internal structure of the gel is a hexagonal phase.In vitro release results identified that PN could be released continuously from HII gel over a period of 24 h. The in vitro obvious permeability coefficient of HII gel was 3.19-fold (P < 0.01) higher than that of the eye drops. Compared with eye drops,the HII gel had good bioadhesion and displayed longer residence time on the eyeballs surface using fluorescent labeling technology.In addition, through Corneal hydration level and eye irritation test ., it is conjectured that HII gel will not cause eye irritation. In short, the formulation has the advantages of high efficiency, slow release and non-toxicity, and will become a promising pharmaceutical strategy to improve the efficacy of glaucoma.

The Ex vivo Eye Irritation Test (EVEIT) model as a mean of improving venom ophthalmia understanding

Toxicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Marie Delafontaine ◽  
Claudia Panfil ◽  
Felix Spöler ◽  
Stefan Kray ◽  
François Burgher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Irritation Test
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