scholarly journals The mitogenic activities of phosphatidate are acyl-chain-length dependent and calcium independent in C3H/10T1/2 cells.

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Krabak ◽  
S W Hui
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Calcium Transient ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Acyl Chain Length ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
A Chain

Phosphatidates (PA or phosphatidic acid) were shown to have mitogenic properties, including the stimulation of DNA synthesis and calcium mobilization in C3H/10T1/2 cells. Their continuous presence for a minimum of 7 h induced DNA synthesis with kinetics similar to that observed when 10% fetal bovine serum was used as a mitogen. PAs with long chain saturated fatty acid moieties were more mitogenic, in a dose-dependent fashion, than PAs with short saturated or unsaturated fatty acid moieties. When compared with lysostearoyl-PA (LSPA), distearoyl-PA (DSPA) was as potent with respect to the induction of DNA synthesis. Lysooleoyl-PA (LOPA) was slightly more potent than dioleoyl-PA (DOPA), but much weaker than DSPA and LSPA. Preincubation with dilauroyl-PA (DLPA) reduces the mitogenic effect of DSPA by 85%. The pattern of mitogenic inhibition suggests that a chain-length-independent, yet PA-specific, mechanism is involved. Both DSPA and DLPA are equally taken up by the cells after 30 min. LOPA, but not LSPA, produced a large calcium transient (1.3 microM), which we found to be derived from intracellular sources. DSPA, the most mitogenic PA tested, produced a weaker transient (0.6 microM). Interestingly, LSPA did not produce any detectable calcium transient. These results suggest that the chain-length-specific step in the signaling mechanism of PA occurs after the initial chain-length-independent partitioning and/or binding to the membrane and that the induction of DNA synthesis is not related to the observed calcium transients.

scholarly journals The elongation of exogenous fatty acids and the control of phospholipid acyl chain length in Micrococcus cryophilus

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Sandercock ◽  
N J Russell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Acyl Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Phospholipid Acyl Chain

The synthesis of fatty acids de novo from acetate and the elongation of exogenous satuated fatty acids (C12-C18) by the psychrophilic bacterium Micrococcus cryophilus (A.T.C.C. 15174) grown at 1 or 20 degrees C was investigated. M. cryophilus normally contains only C16 and C18 acyl chains in its phospholipids, and the C18/C16 ratio is altered by changes in growth temperature. The bacterium was shown to regulate strictly its phospholipid acyl chain length and to be capable of directly elongating myristate and palmitate, and possibly laurate, to a mixture of C16 and C18 acyl chains. Retroconversion of stearate into palmitate also occurred. Fatty acid elongation could be distinguished from fatty acid synthesis de novo by the greater sensitivity of fatty acid elongation to inhibition by NaAsO2 under conditions when the supply of ATP and reduced nicotinamide nucleotides was not limiting. It is suggested that phospholipid acyl chain length may be controlled by a membrane-bound elongase enzyme, which interconverts C16 and C18 fatty acids via a C14 intermediate; the activity of the enzyme could be regulated by membrane lipid fluidity.

scholarly journals Hepatic fatty acid uptake is regulated by the sphingolipid acyl chain length

2014 ◽  
Vol 1841 (12) ◽  
pp. 1754-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jae Park ◽  
Joo-Won Park ◽  
Alfred H. Merrill ◽  
Judith Storch ◽  
Yael Pewzner-Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

scholarly journals Mitogenic action of lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid on fibroblasts. Dependence on acyl-chain length and inhibition by suramin

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J van Corven ◽  
A van Rijswijk ◽  
K Jalink ◽  
R L van der Bend ◽  
W J van Blitterswijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acyl Chain Length ◽  
Mitogenic Action

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid with growth-factor-like activities [van Corven, Groenink, Jalink, Eichholtz & Moolenaar (1989) Cell 45, 45-54]. We have examined various structural analogues of LPA for their ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts. When the acyl-chain length is varied, the rank order of mitogenic potency is: 1-oleoyl LPA congruent to 1-palmitoyl LPA greater than 1-myristoyl LPA greater than 1-lauroyl LPA greater than 1-decanoyl LPA; the last compound shows almost no activity over the concentration range tested (1-100 microM). An ether-linked LPA (1-O-hexadecylglycerol 3-phosphate) has much decreased mitogenic activity as compared with the ester-linked analogue at concentrations less than 25 microM, and becomes cytotoxic at higher concentrations. Hexadecylphosphate, which lacks a glycerol backbone, has negligible activity. On a molar basis, diacyl phosphatidic acid (PA) is about equally potent as the corresponding LPA analogue, showing similar acyl-chain-length dependence; the data argue against the possibility that the mitogenic action of PA is due to contaminating traces of LPA. Although the short-chain analogues of LPA and PA fail to antagonize the action of long-chain (L)PAs, the polyanionic drug suramin inhibits LPA- and PA-induced, DNA synthesis in a reversible and dose-dependent manner, at concentrations [IC50 (concn. giving 50% inhibition) approximately 70 microM] that do not affect epidermal-growth-factor-induced DNA synthesis. Suramin appears to act in the early G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, blocking immediate responses to LPA such as phosphoinositide hydrolysis. We conclude that both LPA and PA can function as growth-promoting phospholipids, with the fatty acid chain length being a major determinant of mitogenic potency.

scholarly journals Hepatocyte ELOVL Fatty Acid Elongase 6 Determines Ceramide Acyl‐Chain Length and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

Hepatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1609-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Matsuzaka ◽  
Motoko Kuba ◽  
Saori Koyasu ◽  
Yuta Yamamoto ◽  
Kaori Motomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomic Analysis across the Yeast Life Cycle Reveals Control of Fatty Acyl Chain Length by Phosphorylation of the Fatty Acid Synthase Complex

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 108024
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Montañés ◽  
Albert Casanovas ◽  
Richard R. Sprenger ◽  
Magdalena Topolska ◽  
David L. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acyl Chain ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

scholarly journals Acyl chain length, saturation, and hydrophobicity modulate the efficiency of dietary fatty acid absorption in adult humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (9) ◽  
pp. G620-G627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L. McKimmie ◽  
Linda Easter ◽  
Richard B. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acyl Chain Length

Intestinal fat absorption is known to be, overall, a highly efficient process, but much less is known about the efficiency with which individual dietary fatty acids (FA) are absorbed by the adult small intestine. We therefore measured the absorption efficiency of the major dietary FA using sucrose polybehenate (SPB) as a nonabsorbable marker and analyzed how it is modulated by acyl chain physicochemical properties and polymorphisms of proteins involved in chylomicron assembly. Dietary FA absorption efficiency was measured in 44 healthy subjects fed a standard diet containing 35% fat and 5% SPB. FA and behenic acid (BA) were measured in homogenized diets and stool samples by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and coefficients of absorption for each FA were calculated as 1 − [(FA/BA)feces/(FA/BA)diet]. Absorption coefficients for saturated FA decreased with increasing chain length and hydrophobicity (mean ± SE) and ranged from 0.95 ± 0.02 for myristate (14:0), 0.80 ± 0.03 for stearate (18:0), to 0.26 ± 0.02 for arachidate (20:0). Absorption coefficients for unsaturated FA increased with increasing desaturation from 0.79 ± 0.03 for elaidic acid (18:1t), 0.96 ± 0.01 for linoleate (18:2), to near complete absorption for eicosapentaenoic (20:5) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. Of several common genetic polymorphisms in key proteins involved in the chylomicron assembly pathway, only the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein-2 A54T allele (rs1799883) had any impact on FA absorption. We conclude that acyl chain length, saturation, and hydrophobicity are the major determinants of the efficiency with which dietary FA are absorbed by the adult small intestine.

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