Spontaneously Produced Facial Expressions in Infants and Children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Camras ◽  
Vanessa L. Castro ◽  
Amy G. Halberstadt ◽  
Michael M. Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Discrete Emotion ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Fear Stimulus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Infants And Children

This chapter explores the question of whether infants and children produce prototypic emotional facial expressions in emotion-eliciting situations. Investigations of both infants and children are described. These include a natural observation study of a single infant during routine caregiving activities, a systematic experiment in which infants were presented with elicitors of fear and anger, a seminaturalistic experiment during which mothers and children discuss a topic of disagreement, and a study of children’s responses to a fear stimulus presented in the context of an Internet prank. Together these studies show that prototypic expressions are sometimes produced when it is unlikely that the corresponding emotion is experienced and often are not produced when the corresponding emotional experience seems likely. Overall findings suggest that the relationship between emotion and facial expression is more complex than portrayed within contemporary discrete emotion theories.

The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199299
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Emin Altintas ◽  
Ahmed A Moustafa ◽  
Abdel Halim Boudoukha
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Expressions

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy,” “sad,” and “city.” Future thinking was video recorded and analysed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city.” In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city.” Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad.” In the three conditions, the neutral facial expressions were high compared with happy and sad facial expressions. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad,” seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions in Healthy Young Men: Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Huini Peng ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Hongxia Duan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment present with a deficiency in emotional processing in later life. Most studies have focused mainly on childhood physical or sexual abuse; however, childhood emotional abuse, a core issue underlying different forms of childhood maltreatment, has received relatively little attention. The current study explored whether childhood emotional abuse is related to the impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in healthy young men.Methods: The emotional facial processing was investigated in a classical gender discrimination task while the event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected. Childhood emotional abuse was assessed by a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) among 60 healthy young men. The relationship between the score of emotional abuse and the behavioral and the ERP index of emotional facial expression (angry, disgust, and happy) were explored.Results: Participants with a higher score of childhood emotional abuse responded faster on the behavioral level and had a smaller P2 amplitude on the neural level when processing disgust faces compared to neutral faces.Discussion: Individuals with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse may quickly identify negative faces with less cognitive resources consumed, suggesting altered processing of emotional facial expressions in young men with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse.

Electrocardiograph in Hypothyroidism and in Hypercalcemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
C. ROMANO ◽  
G. GEMME ◽  
E. RAFFAELLI
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dome Shape ◽  
In Infants And Children ◽  
T Waves

Dr. A. Ertugrul has recently drawn attention in this journal to a new electrocardiographic observation in infants and children with hypothyroidism. This new electrocardiographic feature, emphasized by Dr. Ertugrul is the disappearance of the S-T segment and the dome-shape of the T waves. Accordingly, the relationship of these observed changes with the serum calcium level must be investigated; actually in hypercalcemia the electrocardiogram commonly reveals the absence of the S-T segment, dome-shaped T waves with shortening of the Q-T interval.

Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOCELYN M. KEILLOR ◽  
ANNA M. BARRETT ◽  
GREGORY P. CRUCIAN ◽  
SARAH KORTENKAMP, ◽  
KENNETH M. HEILMAN
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Experience Emotion ◽  
The Ideal

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions are either necessary or sufficient to produce emotional experience. Researchers have noted that the ideal test of the necessity aspect of this hypothesis would be an evaluation of emotional experience in a patient suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis; however, this condition is rare and no such report has been documented. We examined the role of facial expressions in the determination of emotion by studying a patient (F.P.) suffering from a bilateral facial paralysis. Despite her inability to convey emotions through facial expressions, F.P. reported normal emotional experience. When F.P. viewed emotionally evocative slides her reactions were not dampened relative to the normative sample. F.P. retained her ability to detect, discriminate, and image emotional expressions. These findings are not consistent with theories stating that feedback from an active face is necessary to experience emotion, or to process emotional facial expressions. (JINS, 2002, 8, 130–135.)

scholarly journals The effects of facial attractiveness on spontaneous facial mimicry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn Peck
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Mimicry ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
The Relationship

When individuals are presented with emotional facial expressions they spontaneously react with brief, distinct facial movements that ‘mimic’ the presented faces. While the effects of facial mimicry on emotional perception and social bonding have been well documented, the role of facial attractiveness on the elicitation of facial mimicry is unknown. We hypothesized that facial mimicry would increase with more attractive faces. Facial movements were recorded with electromyography upon presentation of averaged and original stimuli while ratings of attractiveness and intensity were obtained. In line with existing findings, emotionally congruent responses were observed in relevant facial muscle regions. Unexpectedly, the strength of observers’ facial mimicry responses decreased with more averaged faces, despite being rated perceptually as more attractive. These findings suggest that facial attractiveness moderates the degree of facial mimicry muscle movements elicited in observers. The relationship between averageness, attractiveness and mimicry is discussed in light of this counterintuitive finding.

Knowing me, knowing you: Emotion differentiation in oneself is associated with recognition of others’ emotions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Israelashvlili
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Emotion Differentiation

Previous research has found that individuals vary greatly in emotion differentiation, that is, the extent to which they distinguish between different emotions when reporting on their own feelings. Building on previous work that has shown that emotion differentiation is associated with individual differences in intrapersonal functions, the current study asks whether emotion differentiation is also related to interpersonal skills. Specifically, we examined whether individuals who are high in emotion differentiation would be more accurate in recognizing others’ emotional expressions. We report two studies in which we used an established paradigm tapping negative emotion differentiation and several emotion recognition tasks. In Study 1 (N = 363), we found that individuals high in emotion differentiation were more accurate in recognizing others’ emotional facial expressions. Study 2 (N = 217), replicated this finding using emotion recognition tasks with varying amounts of emotional information. These findings suggest that the knowledge we use to understand our own emotional experience also helps us understand the emotions of others.

scholarly journals The effects of facial attractiveness on spontaneous facial mimicry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn Peck
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Mimicry ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
The Relationship

When individuals are presented with emotional facial expressions they spontaneously react with brief, distinct facial movements that ‘mimic’ the presented faces. While the effects of facial mimicry on emotional perception and social bonding have been well documented, the role of facial attractiveness on the elicitation of facial mimicry is unknown. We hypothesized that facial mimicry would increase with more attractive faces. Facial movements were recorded with electromyography upon presentation of averaged and original stimuli while ratings of attractiveness and intensity were obtained. In line with existing findings, emotionally congruent responses were observed in relevant facial muscle regions. Unexpectedly, the strength of observers’ facial mimicry responses decreased with more averaged faces, despite being rated perceptually as more attractive. These findings suggest that facial attractiveness moderates the degree of facial mimicry muscle movements elicited in observers. The relationship between averageness, attractiveness and mimicry is discussed in light of this counterintuitive finding.

The relationship of the etiologic factors in asthma in infants and children

1951 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chobot ◽  
Irving H. Uvitsky ◽  
Harold Dundy
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Infants And Children
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