Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Disparities: Ethical Dilemmas, Legal Issues, and IRB Requirements

2009 ◽  
pp. 104-126
Author(s):  
Arlene Rubin Stiffman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Legal Issues

scholarly journals A Genetic Approach to the Ethical Knob

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Iacca ◽  
Francesca Lagioia ◽  
Andrea Loreggia ◽  
Giovanni Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Accident Scenarios

As Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are entering shared roads, the challenge of designing and implementing a completely autonomous vehicle is still open. Aside from technological issues regarding how to manage the complexity of the environment, AVs raise difficult legal issues and ethical dilemmas, especially in unavoidable accident scenarios. In this context, a vast speculation depicting moral dilemmas has developed in recent years. A new perspective was proposed: an “Ethical Knob” (EK), enabling passengers to ethically customise their AVs, namely, to choose between different settings corresponding to different moral approaches or principles. In this contribution we explore how an AV can automatically learn to determine the value of its “Ethical Knob” in order to achieve a trade-off between the ethical preferences of passengers and social values, learning from experienced instances of collision. To this end, we propose a novel approach based on a genetic algorithm to optimize a population of neural networks. We report a detailed description of simulation experiments as well as possible applications.

scholarly journals Selected ethical dilemmas and legal problems in autoethnographic research in social rehabilitation pedagogy

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ciechowska ◽  
Justyna Kusztal
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The aim of this article is the presentation and analysis of the selected ethical dilemmas and legal problems of a researcher in the study of the difficult way of life. There are a lot of questions about the ethical, decent and legal manner of research and behaviour in relation with the participators of the research. The practical aim of this article is the answer to the question – what should we do when we have various ethical dilemmas in our studies. A special difficult situation concerns the researcher – a  pedagogue of social rehabilitation, because by conducting research on the phenomena of social exclusion or social pathology, he/she describes and analyses situations related to crime, para-criminal behaviours, addictions, touches the problems of deep diagnosis of disorders or therapy. During scientific research, he / she ‘goes deeper’ into difficult situations, ethical dilemmas, and brushes against legal problems. The guarantee of his/her safety, but above all the safety of respondents, is the legal awareness and ethical responsibility of the pedagogue. Although the article is not a complete and comprehensive study, it responds to the needs of researchers who themselves have to answer many questions about legal issues and solve any ethical dilemmas themselves in the process of collecting and developing data.

scholarly journals Scelte procreative e responsabilità

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Costa
Keyword(s):  
Human Genetics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
To Come ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The developments in human genetics and the applications of reproduction in medicine have contributed to undermine the concept of birth as a natural and casual event. In a few years' time, not only will we be able to decide if and when to reproduce, but also through what means, as well as potentially defining the qualitative characteristics of the person who will begin to exist as a result of our decision. This book identifies and addresses the ethical dilemmas and the legal issues which the acquired capacity to intervene on the causality of our origin will bring with it in the years to come.

Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Crowley ◽  
Kristin Guest ◽  
Kenay Sudler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

Ethical Dilemmas in Audiology

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (Spring) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh J. Callahan ◽  
Norman J. Lass ◽  
Kimberly L. Richards ◽  
Andrea B. Yost ◽  
Kristen S. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas
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