ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ШКАЛИ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ДІАГНОСТИКИ І ПЛАНУВАННЯ ПСИХОТЕРАПІЇ В НАРКОЛОГІЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

Significant consequences of alcohol abuse give grounds to classify alcohol dependence as a medical and social pathology that poses a danger to society. The number of patients registered in medical dispensaries in Ukraine reaches 1 million. Recurrences of the disease during the year after treatment are observed in 60-75% of patients with alcohol dependence. The problem is exacerbated by the medical and social consequences of alcohol abuse in the form of increased mental and physical illness, trauma, suicide attempts and aggressive behavior, criminal acts. This renders the search for new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of alcohol dependence relevant. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of using the global assessment of functioning scale (GAFS) to diagnose the dynamics of social functioning of patients with alcohol dependence. The study of the dynamics in the level of general functioning with the use of GAFS in the main and control groups yielded the following results. There was a significant increase in psychological, social and professional functioning in 74.0% of patients in whom a system of treatment and prophylactic measures was applied as compared to 46.7% of patients in the comparison group (χ2 = 6.062, p <0.05). A follow-up study showed that the number of persistent remissions was by 2 times higher in the main group than in the comparison group, 54.0% and 23.3%, respectively (p <0.001).

A case of male infanticide in captive sika deer (Cervus nippon)

Male infanticide has been reported in wide range of mammalian taxa however it remains very rare in even-toed ungulates where it was documented in two species only. Among six hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, the sexual selection hypothesis is supported by the largest evidence in mammals. Here, we report the first case of male infanticide in sika deer (Cervus nippon) which occurred at Ostrava Zoo. At the end of rutting season, new male had been joined with two pregnant females that successfully gave birth and reared offspring in his presence then. However, in the next season, the same male attacked and killed his own newborn female offspring. Since this male was separated from the herd for most of the time in the rut, we argue that he could be confused about paternity. Therefore, this case of infanticide might be driven by the same mechanism as that which is in line with the sexual selection hypothesis. In addition, based on our evidence we cannot reject the social pathology hypothesis as an alternative explanation.

How to Prevent and Eradicate the “Kuluna” Phenomenon? A Christian Perspective in Social Work and City Governance.

The kulunaphenomenon is a social pathology having many causal factors in multidimensional systems such as the microsystem and the macrosystem. So the changing process requires first the prevention by elaborating a public policy with a multisector impact. But many times reaction is applied instead of preventing to avoid gangsters among young in the city of Kinshasa by the public managers. In this article, we give some prerequisites for the elaboration of a multisector public policy and the praxis, concerning legal authorities and the Christian social workers through the churches and other Christian social organizations which are called to work in the sense of a contextual mission, and deal with spiritually in addition to the psycho-sociological questions. The findings of this research show evidence in the hyper military environment of Kinshasa city and the Kuluna phenomenon. Demilitarization of the city is imperative.

HOW TO PREVENT AND ERADICATE THE KULUNA PHENOMENON? A CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL WORK AND CITY GOVERNANCE

The kuluna phenomenon is a social pathology having many causal factors in multidimensional systems such as the microsystem and the macrosystem. So the changing process requires first the prevention by elaborating a public policy with a multisector impact. But many times reaction is applied instead of preventing to avoid gangsters among young in the city of Kinshasa by the public managers. In this article, we give some prerequisites for the elaboration of a multisector public policy and the praxis, concerning legal authorities and the Christian social workers through the churches and other Christian social organizations which are called to work in the sense of a contextual mission, and deal with spiritually in addition to the psycho-sociological questions. The findings of this research show evidence in the hyper military environment of Kinshasa city and the Kuluna phenomenon. Demilitarization of the city is imperative.

Patologi Sosial dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Karya Narapidana Perempuan dan Pemanfaatanya sebagai Alternatif Sumber Bahan Ajar Apresiasi Sastra Di SMA

This study intends to portray the social pathology contained in a collection of short stories that contain different experiences of women prisoners. To be specific, the focal points of this study are (1) the type of social pathology contained in the collection of short stories by women prisoners, (2) the variables that cause social pathology in the collection of short stories by women prisoners, (3) the utilization of the collection of short stories by women prisoners as an alternative material for the appreciation of literary learning in high school. This study is a qualitative research using descriptive method to see how the social pathology in the collection of short stories by women prisoners by analyzing the collection of short stories. The results of this study indicate that the forms of social pathology contained in this collection of short stories by women prisoners are: 1) crime, 2) gambling, (3) drugs, and, (4) juvenile delinquency. The factors that cause the occurrence of social pathology contained in the collection of short stories by women prisoners consist of 4 (four) things, namely (1) economic factor, (2) family factor, (3) social environmental factor, and (4) psychological factor. This collection of short stories can be used as an alternative source of teaching material because it meets the criteria for a learning material, such as socio-cultural background, psychological aspect, and linguistic aspect. Keywords: social pathology; short stories; literature learning Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan patologi sosial yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen yang memuat beragam pengalaman dari para naripadana perempuan. Fokus dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) bentuk patologi sosial yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen karya narapidana perempuan, (2) faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya patologi sosial dalam kumpulan cerpen karya narapidana perempuan, (3) pemanfaatan kumpulan cerpen karya narapidana perempuan sebagai alternatif sumber bahan ajar apresiasi pembelajaran sastra di SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk melihat bagaimana patologi sosial dalam kumpulan cerpen karya narapida perempuan dengan menganalisis kumpulan cerpen tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk patologi sosial yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen karya narapidana perempuan ini adalah: 1) kriminalitas, 2) perjudian, (3) narkoba, dan, (4) kenakalan remaja. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya patologi sosial yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen karya narapidana perempuan terdiri atas 4 (empat) hal yakni (1) faktor ekonomi, (2) faktor keluarga, (3) faktor lingkungan sosial, dan (4) faktor psikologis. Kumpulan cerpen ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif sumber bahan ajar karena memenuhi kriteria pemilihan bahan pembelajaran, serperti latar sosial budaya, aspek psikologis, dan aspek kebahasaannya. Kata kunci: patologi sosial; kumpulan cerpen; pembelajaran sastra

How to Prevent and Eradicate the “Kuluna” Phenomenon? A Christian Perspective in Social Work.

The kuluna phenomenon is a social pathology having many causal factors in multidimensional systems such as the microsystem and the macrosystem. So the changing process requires first the prevention by elaborating a public policy with a multisector impact. But many times reaction is applied instead of preventing to avoid gangsters among young in the city of Kinshasa by the public managers. In this article, we give some prerequisites for the elaboration of a multisector public policy and the praxis, concerning legal authorities and the Christian social workers through the churches and other Christian social organizations which are called to work in the sense of a contextual mission, and deal with spiritually in addition to the psycho-sociological questions. The findings of this research show evidence in the hyper military environment of Kinshasa city and the Kuluna phenomenon. Demilitarization of the city is imperative

Aggression towards neonates and possible infanticide in the boto, or Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)

Recent observed attacks by male Amazon river dolphins on conspecific calves, together with post-mortem examinations, indicate that infanticide occurs in this species but that not all attacked calves are killed. If mortality occurs, it might therefore be an inadvertent consequence of the behaviour rather than the motive for it. Our observations suggest that males who commit infanticide are unlikely to gain direct fitness benefits. Evidence does not fit the sexual selection hypothesis. Aggression towards calves usually ‘drew a crowd’ and may represent socio-sexual display or simply be a form of social pathology, as found in other infanticidal mammals.

Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency with Special Emphasis on Juveniles as Child Sexual Abusers

The paper is composed of two parts. The first part covers juvenile delinquency with all its characteristics. When analyzing the delinquency, we gave a special place to the socio-pathological phenomena which is more and more present and the rate is higher from year to year. Social pathology is a huge issue that requires special commitment, first, for its detection and then prevention. Within the delinquency, we also cover the most common crimes committed by juveniles. In the second part of this paper, the authors deal in more details with a specific form of crime which can also be committed by juveniles: child sexual abuse and pedophilia. First, the difference between child sexual abuse and pedophilia will be discussed, a difference that is of particular importance in cases where minors are abusers. Furthermore, the main characteristics of cases when both perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse are minors will be addressed. Although these criminal offenses are rarer in practice unlike the criminal offenses and deviant behaviors treated in the first part, however, knowing the main characteristics and specifics of such cases is of particular importance for the legal-criminal treatment of the perpetrators of these criminal offenses.