The Development of Munich and Cambridge Therapeutic Biotech Firms: A Case Study of Institutional Adaptation

2009 ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simcha Jong
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Adaptation

scholarly journals Technological innovation, globalization, and varieties of capitalism: the case of Siemens AG as example for contingent institutional adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Innovation Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Contemporary discussions in the comparative political economy of innovation revolve specifically around the question of globalization's impact on the observable diversity of innovation patterns, institutionally grounded comparative advantages of firms and countries as well as their evolution over time. The paper develops the concept of “contingent institutional adaptation” to trace institutional evolution at the firm level. It advances the idea that contingent adaptation can cause institutional hybridization, an evolutionary path defined by change and continuity, thereby offering a more nuanced concept of institutional evolution over time. In a historic single-case study the paper investigates the German Siemens AG and its efforts to remain on the cutting-edge of major information and communication technologies in two time periods (1847–1914; 1989–2013), both marked by institutional adaptations resulting in hybridization. Ultimately, institutional hybridization led to Siemens’ retreat from all information and communication technology sectors.

Exploring Philanthropic Foundations' Motivations and Managerial Model of Strategic Change from Grant-Making to Impact Investing

2017 ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Lijun He ◽  
Jessika C. Graterol Alfronzo ◽  
Kilian Tep
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Change ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
Impact Investing ◽  
Successful Strategy ◽  
Private Foundation ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivations

Little scholarly research has systematically examined impact investing in the nonprofit realm. In the overview, the paper presents a case study of a U.S.-based private foundation that has transformed itself from a grant-maker to an impact investor, and the associated challenges of institutional entrepreneurial motivations, successful strategy for institutional adaptation, and the ensuing lessons for the field of impacting investing. The paper has two main objectives: to identify the motivation and enabling environment for such strategic change, and to analyze the issues and changes of the managerial model when evolving from traditional grant-making to impact investing. We argue that organizations that are mission-driven, entrepreneurial in spirit and structure, with embedded business/philanthropy principles acting as a source of change in the institutional field. However, it faces technical and legitimacy problems resulting from the new practice's lack of institutional saturation in the field.

Governance Change and Institutional Adaptation: A Case Study from Harenna Forest, Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje T. Wakjira ◽  
Anke Fischer ◽  
Michelle A. Pinard
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Adaptation

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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