A Dictionary of Plant Sciences

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Essential Resource

Over 7,700 entries This new fourth edition has been completely revised and updated, covering all aspects in the field of plant sciences including biochemistry, plant physiology, cytology, ecology, genetics, evolution, biogeography, earth history, and earth sciences. Over 600 new entries, including Rosales, physical dormancy, menthol, and codeine, enhance the dictionary's coverage of botanical terms, key drugs and medicines derived from plants, and plant orders, families, and genera. It also explains many ecological terms, and expands beyond plants to describe fungi and bacteria and how they affect plants. New timelines show important moments in plant evolution, and vernacular plant names have been transferred to a new appendix for ease of use, fully cross-referenced to the A to Z entries. The most up-to-date dictionary available on its subject, this is an essential resource for students of plant sciences and amateur botanists, as well as an entertaining and valuable guide for the plant enthusiast.

Franz Unger and plant evolution: Representations of plants through time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life History ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Fossil Evidence

ABSTRACT This chapter will highlight a series of lithographs produced by Franz Unger and Josef Kuwasseg that emphasize how Unger used plants to represent different periods of earth history. While Henry De la Beche is credited with the first depiction of ancient life through art (Duria antiquior), Unger’s work was the first to illustrate how plants could be used as indicators of changes in life history. In collaboration with artist Josef Kuwasseg, he embarked on a project entitled The Primitive World in Its Different Periods of Formation that consisted of 14 lithographs that were published in 1851. The title was unique in that it combined the concepts of a “primitive world,” or the widely accepted contemporary idea of undifferentiated deep time, with our modern concept of different periods of earth history. Unger selected periods for this project based upon major strata, but his botanical roots led him to emphasize the importance of plants in each lithograph. The series begins with the “Transition Period,” or the strata that contain the most fossil evidence to develop a reconstruction, and ends with a depiction of the arrival of man in a plant-filled world. This series of lithographs offers a unique contribution to the history and philosophy of geology as Unger recognized the importance of plants to our understanding of geology and deep time in the nineteenth century.

Plant Names

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Spencer ◽  
Rob Cross
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
International Code ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

Plant Names is an invaluable guide to the use of scientific, commercial and common names for plants and the conventions for writing them. Written by horticultural botanists at the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, this book covers the naming of wild plants, plants modified by humans, why plant names change, their pronunciation and hints to help remember them, along with updated sections on trademarks and plant breeder's rights. The final section provides a detailed guide to resources useful to people using plant names. This fourth edition is based on the recently updated International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants and the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It makes this technical information readily understandable to a range of readers, including botanists, publishers, professional horticulturists, nursery workers, hobby gardeners and anyone interested in plant names.

Units, Symbols, and Terminology for Plant Physiology: A Reference for Presentation of Research Results in the Plant Sciences

Taxon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Rudolf Schmid ◽  
Steven Ruzin ◽  
Frank B. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Plant Sciences

On impacts and extinction: biological solutions to biological problems

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Earth Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biological Solutions

There appears to be an overwhelming urge in the study of earth sciences currently to discover the “cosmic generality.” Certainly, no observational and descriptive aspects of the study of earth history can be concluded until one has placed the observations into a broader context. On the other hand, there are not very many “cosmic generalities” and few lasting generalizations have been developed before the basic data have been gathered. When generalizations do precede observations, the former fall into the category of testable hypotheses or speculations, depending upon the overall plausibility of the ideas and the generosity of the reader.

scholarly journals What Has Been Thought and Taught on the Lunar Influence on Plants in Agriculture? Perspective from Physics and Biology

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mayoral ◽  
Jordi Solbes ◽  
José Cantó ◽  
Tatiana Pina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Indirect Reference

This paper reviews the beliefs which drive some agricultural sectors to consider the lunar influence as either a stress or a beneficial factor when it comes to organizing their tasks. To address the link between lunar phases and agriculture from a scientific perspective, we conducted a review of textbooks and monographs used to teach agronomy, botany, horticulture and plant physiology; we also consider the physics that address the effects of the Moon on our planet. Finally, we review the scientific literature on plant development, specifically searching for any direct or indirect reference to the influence of the Moon on plant physiology. We found that there is no reliable, science-based evidence for any relationship between lunar phases and plant physiology in any plant–science related textbooks or peer-reviewed journal articles justifying agricultural practices conditioned by the Moon. Nor does evidence from the field of physics support a causal relationship between lunar forces and plant responses. Therefore, popular agricultural practices that are tied to lunar phases have no scientific backing. We strongly encourage teachers involved in plant sciences education to objectively address pseudo-scientific ideas and promote critical thinking.

Morphogenetic machines revealed: Microscopy of living cells in the embryo of the frog, Xenopus laevis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Ray Keller
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Video Image Processing

The amphibian embryo offers advantages of size, availability, and ease of use with both microsurgical and molecular methods in the analysis of fundamental developmental and cell biological problems. However, conventional wisdom holds that the opacity of this embryo limits the use of methods in optical microscopy to resolve the cell motility underlying the major shape-generating processes in early development.These difficulties have been circumvented by refining and adapting several methods. First, methods of explanting and culturing tissues were developed that expose the deep, nonepithelial cells, as well as the superficial epithelial cells, to the view of the microscope. Second, low angle epi-illumination with video image processing and recording was used to follow patterns of cell movement in large populations of cells. Lastly, cells were labeled with vital, fluorescent dyes, and their behavior recorded, using low-light, fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Using these methods, the details of the cellular protrusive activity that drives the powerful convergence (narrowing)

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